Nonlinear interval analysis of rotor response with joints under uncertainties

The dynamic influence of joints in aero-engine rotor systems is investigated in this paper. Firstly, the tangential stiffness and loss factor are obtained from an isolated lap joint setup with dynamic excitation experiments. Also, the influence of the normal contact pressure and the excitation level are examined, which revel the uncertainty in joints. Then, the updated Thin Layer Elements (TLEs) method with fitted parameters based on the experiments is established to simulate the dynamic properties of joints on the interface. The response of the rotor subjected to unbalance excitation is calculated, and the results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Meanwhile, using the Chebyshev inclusion function and a direct iteration algorithm, a nonlinear interval analysis method is established to consider the uncertainty of parameters in joints. The accuracy is proved by comparison with results obtained using the Monte-Carlo method. Combined with the updated TLEs, the nonlinear Chebyshev method is successfully applied on a finite model of a rotor. The study shows that substantial attention should be paid to the dynamical design for the joint in rotor systems, the dynamic properties of joints under complex loading and the corresponding interval analysis method need to be intensively studied.     

Effects of tooth bending damage on the leakage performance and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals

Tooth bending damage resulting from an intense impact by the rotor sometimes occurs in the transient operation. To investigate the influence of after-damage clearance and tooth bending length on the leakage performance and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals, three tooth bending damages were taken into consideration, including the unbent tooth damage (abbreviated as Unbent), the partial tooth bending damage (abbreviated as Pbent) and the complete tooth bending damage (abbreviated as Cbent). The transient CFD solution was utilized to calculate the leakage flow rates and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals with clearances of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 mm for three tooth bending damages. The obtained result shows that the Unbent tooth damage leaks least while the Pbent tooth bending damage leaks most, and an increase of 6.1% for Cbent tooth bending damage and an increase of 19.4% for Pbent tooth bending damage are discovered at the tooth clearance of 0.6 mm in comparison with the Unbent tooth damage. Compared to the Unbent tooth damage, the effective damping for Pbent tooth bending damage and Cbent tooth bending damage is lower and drops by 9.7%–33.6% and 8.5%–22.6% respectively at the tooth clearance of 0.6 mm, suggesting that Pbent tooth bending damage or Cbent tooth bending damage tends to weaken the seal stability when compared to the Unbent tooth damage.     

Nonlinear characteristic investigation of magnetorheological damper-rotor system with local nonlinearity

Magnetorheological (MR) dampers show superior performance in reducing rotor vibration, but their high nonlinearity will cause nonsynchronous response, resulting in fatigue and instability of rotors. Herein, we are devoted to the investigation of the nonlinear characteristics of MR damper mounted on a flexible rotor. First, Reynolds equations with bilinear constitutive equations of MR fluid are employed to derive nonlinear oil film forces. Then, the Finite Element (FE) model of rotor system is developed, where the local nonlinear support forces produced by MR damper and its coupling effects with the rotor are considered. A hybrid numerical method is proposed to solve the nonlinear FE motion equations of the MR damper-rotor system. To validate the proposed model, a rotor test bench with two dual-coil MR dampers is constructed, upon which experimental studies on the dynamic characteristics of MR damper-rotor system are carried out. The effects of different system parameters, including rotational speed, excitation current and amount of unbalance, on nonlinear dynamic behaviors of MR damper-rotor system are evaluated. The results show that the system may appear chaos, jumping, and other complex nonlinear phenomena, and the level of the nonlinearity can be effectively alleviated by applying suitable excitation current and oil supply pressure.     

Integrated optimization analyses of aerodynamic/stealth characteristics of helicopter rotor based on surrogate model

Based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method,electromagnetic high-frequency method and surrogate model optimization techniques,an integration design method about aerodynamic/stealth has been established for helicopter rotor.The developed integration design method is composed of three modules:integrated grids generation(the moving-embedded grids for CFD solver and the blade grids for radar cross section(RCS)solver are generated by solving Poisson equations and folding approach),aerodynamic/stealth solver(the aerodynamic characteristics are simulated by CFD method based upon Navier–Stokes equations and Spalart–Allmaras(S–A)turbulence model),and the stealth characteristics are calculated by using a panel edge method combining the method of physical optics(PO),equivalent currents(MEC)and quasi-stationary(MQS),and integrated optimization analysis(based upon the surrogate model optimization technique with full factorial design(FFD)and radial basis function(RBF)),an integrated optimization analyses on aerodynamic/stealth characteristics of rotor are conducted.Firstly,the scattering characteristics of the rotor with different blade-tip swept and twist angles have been carried out,then time–frequency domain grayscale with strong scattering regions of rotor have been given.Meanwhile,the effects of swept-tip and twist angles on the aerodynamic characteristic of rotor have been performed.Furthermore,by choosing suitable object function and constraint condition,the compromised design about swept and twist combinations of rotor with high aerodynamic performances and low scattering characteristics has been given at last.     

Aerodynamic shape optimization for alleviating dynamic stall characteristics of helicopter rotor airfoil

In order to alleviate the dynamic stall effects in helicopter rotor, the sequential quadratic programming(SQP) method is employed to optimize the characteristics of airfoil under dynamic stall conditions based on the SC1095 airfoil. The geometry of airfoil is parameterized by the class-shape-transformation(CST) method, and the C-topology body-fitted mesh is then automatically generated around the airfoil by solving the Poisson equations. Based on the grid generation technology, the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations are chosen as the governing equations for predicting airfoil flow field and the highly-efficient implicit scheme of lower–upper symmetric Gauss–Seidel(LU-SGS) is adopted for temporal discretization. To capture the dynamic stall phenomenon of the rotor more accurately, the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model is employed to close the RANS equations. The optimized airfoil with a larger leading edge radius and camber is obtained. The leading edge vortex and trailing edge separation of the optimized airfoil under unsteady conditions are obviously weakened, and the dynamic stall characteristics of optimized airfoil at different Mach numbers, reduced frequencies and angles of attack are also obviously improved compared with the baseline SC1095 airfoil. It is demonstrated that the optimized method is effective and the optimized airfoil is suitable as the helicopter rotor airfoil.     

航空发动机双转子系统临界转速求解方法

针对航空发动机转子动力学设计需求,将有限元法与振型筛选法相结合,提出适于工程应用的临界转速求解方法,结合算例详细论述了完全法和缩减法的求解过程。研究结果表明:两种求解方法的结果完全一致,而缩减法求解过程迭代次数少,更为方便;某双转子系统,顺转时存在5阶临界转速,而反转时在相同的转速范围内将增加n=3,n=4和n=5的反进动临界转速,临界转速的密集性导致反转转子的动力学设计更为复杂。     

Rotor airfoil aerodynamic design method and wind tunnel test verification

Well-designed airfoil is very important for high-performance rotor. This paper developed an efficient multi-objective and multi-constraint optimization design system for rotor airfoils based on RANS analysis, and verified the performance of the optimized airfoil. Using CRA09-A as the baseline rotor airfoil, the CRA09-B optimized rotor airfoil was designed successfully. Combined with the foundation of high-precision rotor airfoil stationary test technology, the CRA09-B and CRA09-A rotor airfoils were tested in the S3MA high-speed wind tunnel of ONERA. In order to correct the aerodynamic data, a single parameter linear wall pressure method is used to consider the tunnel effects. The results indicate that multi-objective and multi-constraint optimization design method developed in this study is reliable, and that CRA09-B optimized airfoil provides better stationary performance than CRA09-A airfoil in terms of maximum lift coefficient and lift-to-drag ratio.     

油膜轴承动态特性参数及转子不平衡的统一识别

将转子不平衡作为引起转子-轴承系统振动的主要原因,本文提出了一种现场、在线识别转子系统油膜轴承动态特性参数及转子不平衡的时域方法。本方法充分利用转子的结构及模态参数以解决测点不足和激振力不可测量等问题。同传统的参数识别方法相比,本方法具有现场、在线、不需人工激振、设备简单等优点。实验结果证明了方法的可行性。     

超声速来流基元叶型前缘加工误差气动敏感性分析

为研究叶型前缘加工误差对叶栅气动性能敏感性,以NASA Rotor 67转子70%叶高截面基元级叶型为研究对象,选择Clamped型非均匀B样条曲线实现叶型前缘数学描述。采用单因素法建立叶型前缘加工误差模型,提炼出叶片弦长误差、前缘轮廓度误差、几何进气角误差三个误差模型;随后结合L9(34)正交实验及数值模拟方法研究超声速来流条件下三维直列叶栅不同前缘误差类型对叶栅气动性能的敏感性。正交实验极差分析及显著性分析均表明:前缘轮廓度误差FP是影响叶栅气动性能的主要影响因素(75%以上可能性),叶栅性能随前缘轮廓度增加呈现恶化趋势,即叶型前缘越厚,叶栅总压损失越大,扩压能力越小。进一步分析轮廓度误差对叶栅性能影响机制得出:激波损失是叶栅性能随轮廓度误差加大而恶化的重要原因。     

涡轮泵转子的临界转速研究(Ⅰ)均匀支承转子临界转速的传递矩阵法

根据转子振动时的受力和位移状况,分别导出轴、盘和支承的传递矩阵,再根据转子的结构布局导出频率和振幅等的计算方程,可求得转子的各阶临界转速及振幅。传递矩阵法对转子的不同布局方案运用十分方便灵活。还给出了减振阻尼、支承弹性的组合刚度计算方法。计算表明,支承的弹性、阻尼和质量对转子的振动特性（临界转速和振幅）有重大影响,转子与支承的匹配对转子的振动特性能起调节控制作用。