加快神经网络训练速度的方法在旋转机械故障诊断中的应用

根据一双跨转子实验台,模拟了转子与静子在轮盘处及轴颈处碰磨、轴系不对中及转子不平衡故障,通过一个信号自动处理装置记录下转子正常振动信号及发生各种故障时的信号,然后利用研制的人工神经网络系统对故障示例进行学习。通过在实际中诊断故障,证明这种是可行的。本文还针对人工神经网络(BP算法)存在的训练速度慢的问题,提出了一个加快网络训练速度的新方法(ARBP算法),较大提高了网络的训练速度。      

航空花键研究综述

花键传动简单可靠、比功率高,在航空器传动装置中具有无可替代的地位。花键转速高、传递扭矩大、重量轻、工作环境苛刻,某些花键甚至无法实现润滑和冷却,此外,外花键和内花键的支撑系统各自孤立,无法确保可靠的对中,诸因素导致花键连接的不对中及润滑、磨损问题广泛存在。从20世纪50年代开始,航空业发达国家一直持续对花键的设计、润滑与磨损、试验、排故、维修开展研究工作,形成了系统的花键设计、试验与运行维护方法;而我国对花键的研究较少,且航空花键研究甚为匮乏,无法满足航空领域对传动部件的需求,在观念上,花键常常被视为附属部件和普通连接部件,对其关注度不够。总结了国内外航空花键数十年的研究进展,从航空花键的失效、润滑、振动、磨损、不对中、转子动力学、试验研究等方面开展了详细的调研分析和归纳总结,并探讨了航空花键研究发展趋势,以期为解决我国航空花键面临的不对中、润滑与磨损等问题提供借鉴和参考。     

Dynamic behavior of aero-engine rotor with fusing design suffering blade off

Fan blade off(FBO) from a running turbofan rotor will introduce sudden unbalance into the dynamical system,which will lead to the rub-impact,the asymmetry of rotor and a series of interesting dynamic behavior.The paper first presents a theoretical study on the response excited by sudden unbalance.The results reveal that the reaction force of the bearing located near the fan could always reach a very high value which may lead to the crush of ball,journal sticking,high stress on the other components and some other failures to endanger the safety of engine in FBO event.Therefore,the dynamic influence of a safety design named ‘‘fusing" is investigated by mechanism analysis.Meantime,an explicit FBO model is established to simulate the FBO event,and evaluate the effectiveness and potential dynamic influence of fusing design.The results show that the fusing design could reduce the vibration amplitude of rotor,the reaction force on most bearings and loads on mounts,but the sudden change of support stiffness induced by fusing could produce an impact effect which will couple with the influence of sudden unbalance.Therefore,the implementation of the design should be considered carefully with optimized parameters in actual aero-engine.     

基于叶端定时的转子叶片裂纹监测与诊断

为了实现转子叶片裂纹非接触式监测，提出基于??0范数的叶端定时欠采样信号稀疏重构算法。针对叶端定时信号欠采样问题，建立欠采样信号稀疏表示模型，利用分块正交匹配追踪算法对叶端定时欠采样信号进行分段重构，进而监测在变转速非稳态工况下转子叶片动频的变化情况，据此判断转子叶片是否产生裂纹。针对应变片信号间隔采样的特点，研究基于同步提取变换的时频分析方法，以提高时频图的时频聚集性。开展旋转叶片裂纹扩展试验，同时采用叶端定时和应变片系统测量叶片振动。对比叶端定时和应变片的分析结果，二者均可在裂纹叶片断裂之前至少20min，监测到裂纹叶片和正常叶片的动频发生分离的现象，即裂纹萌生致使叶片动频发生偏移，表明所提出的叶端定时欠采样信号重构方法能够实现转子叶片裂纹的监测与诊断。     

Multi–physical-field characteristics modeling and structure optimization for kW-level ultra-high-speed PM motors with integrated support system

In the aerospace industry, the low-mass ultra-high-speed flywheel system play a critical role. In this paper, a kW-level Ultra-High Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (UHSPMSM) as the core component of flywheel system is proposed and analyzed with consideration of multiple physical fields, including electromagnetic characteristics, mechanical strength and rotor dynamics. The integrated support structure is put forward to improve rotation accuracy and operation stability of the UHSPMSM. Further, influence of the integrated support structure on critical speed is explored, and the key parameters such as support position and support stiffness are designed. Moreover, the rotor strength is analyzed by analytical model developed of rotor stress that can deal with multiple boundary types. Material and thickness of the sleeve are optimized, and range of interference value is accurately limited based on four extreme operating conditions. The 3-D Finite Element Model (FEM) is used to validate the strength characteristics and stress distribution of rotor. A 1.5 kW-150000 r/min UHSPMSM with integrated support system is manufactured and tested. The feasibility of UHSPMSM proposed and the accuracy of analysis method are verified through electromagnetic, temperature rise and vibration characteristics test. The machine prototype realizes the load operation at rated speed and the multi-physical-field characteristics achieve the design specification.     

航空发动机高压转子“可容模态”设计及实验验证

为降低航空发动机高压转子的振动，提高高压转子对复杂工况的可容度，本文建立带双阻尼器的高压转子动力学模型，开展模态分析和响应分析，研究高压转子关键结构参数对“可容模态”的影响规律。构造了可容度评价函数η，建立了“可容模态”设计方法。设计了高压转子模拟实验器，通过模态校核实验验证了计算模型和计算方法的准确性，通过“可容模态”实验验证了设计方法的可行性。研究发现，利用当量临界转速ωˉ估计转子系统前两阶临界转速的方法可行，高压转子实验器的临界转速满足ωcr1≤ωˉ，ωˉ≤ωcr2≤2ωˉ；高压转子实验器在两阶“可容模态”下连续“共振”时长达到7125s，实验器转子关键部位的振动位移峰值不超过79.42μm，振动速度有效值不超过2.33mm/s，最大波动不超过10.59%。结果表明，所建立的发动机高压转子“可容模态”设计方法是行之有效的。