小积液情况下卧式转子的稳定性实验研究

盘腔积液现象在舰用燃气轮机工作过程中时有发生，汽化的滑油和水蒸气凝结形成积液。转子带动腔内的积液旋转，引发振动失稳，严重时会对发动机结构造成致命性破坏。为此，本文开展燃气轮机压气机盘腔积液的模拟实验研究，以双盘双支承的卧式柔性转子系统作为研究对象，重点关注小积液量的特点，对积液转子的动力学稳定性进行了研究。观测到转子的失稳现象，开展了不同积液体积、不同积液类型（水、植物油和滑油）等因素的影响规律研究，揭示了小积液的卧式转子动力学特征。研究结果表明：①对于积液失稳振动，存在失稳边界积液量，当积液量大于该边界值时，失稳将会发生。②失稳边界转速及恢复转速均高于临界转速。当转速高于失稳边界转速时，失稳将会发生。转速进一步增加，高于恢复转速时，失稳现象可能消失。③失稳时的振动特征为：出现幅值突增，次谐波成分也随之增加；基频和次谐波发生调制，表现出拍振特征。④随着积液体积的增加，失稳边界转速先减小后增加。⑤随着积液粘度系数增大，失稳边界转速和边界积液量均增大。     

Secondary instability of separated shear layers

The process through which a laminar flow undergoes transition to turbulence is of great fundamental and practical interest. Such a process is hugely complex as there are many diverse routes for a laminar flow to become turbulent flow. The transition process is usually initiated by flow instabilities—a primary instability stage followed by a secondary instability stage. This forms a rational framework for the early stage of a transition process and it is crucially important to understand the physics of instabilities leading to turbulence. This article reviews the results of studies on secondary instability of separated shear layers in separation bubbles and summaries the current status of our understanding in this area.     

Kink-like mode of a double gradient instability in a compressible plasma current sheet

A linear MHD instability of the electric current sheet, characterized by a small normal magnetic field component, varying along the sheet, is investigated. The tangential magnetic field component is modeled by a hyperbolic function, describing Harris-like variations of the field across the sheet. For this problem, which is formulated in a 3D domain, the conventional compressible ideal MHD equations are applied. By assuming Fourier harmonics along the electric current, the linearized 3D equations are reduced to 2D ones. A finite difference numerical scheme is applied to examine the time evolution of small initial perturbations of the plasma parameters. This work is an extended numerical study of the so called “double gradient instability”, – a possible candidate for the explanation of flapping oscillations in the magnetotail current sheet, which has been analyzed previously in the framework of a simplified analytical approach for an incompressible plasma. The dispersion curve is obtained for the kink-like mode of the instability. It is shown that this curve demonstrates a quantitative agreement with the previous analytical result. The development of the instability is investigated also for various enhanced values of the normal magnetic field component. It is found that the characteristic values of the growth rate of the instability shows a linear dependence on the square root of the parameter, which scales uniformly the normal component of the magnetic field in the current sheet.     

强迫扰动下的射流撞击雾化特性

为全面把握撞击式喷嘴的工作特性，进一步认识雾化在燃烧不稳定中所起的作用，采用试验结合数值模拟的方法开展了强迫扰动条件下撞击式喷嘴的非稳态雾化特性研究。试验方面，采用水力扰动装置产生喷前压力扰动，由脉动压力传感器记录喷前的脉动压力，由高速摄影对动态的喷雾场进行背光拍摄。数值模拟则是基于开源程序Gerris开展，通过给定周期性变化的速度入口来模拟前端压力扰动下的撞击雾化过程。首先验证了建立的数值模拟方案处理非稳态雾化的有效性，其次将自然雾化与强迫扰动雾化进行对比，分析了强迫扰动条件下的撞击雾化特性，最后研究了扰动频率与扰动幅值对于撞击雾化的影响。结果表明：强迫扰动下的射流撞击喷雾场出现了弓形液滴群局部聚集的现象，并且在时间上表现出周期性特征，雾化频率与强迫扰动的频率一致。在研究的频率范围（1 257~3 563 Hz）内，撞击式喷嘴的雾化对扰动都有响应。扰动频率主要影响相邻弓形液滴群之间的间距以及雾场与扰动压力之间的相位关系，扰动幅值则主要影响雾化Klystron效应的强度。随着扰动幅值的增大，液膜的破碎长度减小，撞击点下游的流量特性由线性向非线性转变，由正弦波形转变为陡峭前缘波形。     

离轴三反(TMA)相机在轨成像的偏流角计算与控制

推导了离轴三反(TMA)相机在轨成像的偏流角计算公式,并根据推导过程给出了偏流角的闭环和开环两种控制方式。分析了转序定义对控制的影响,获得了最佳转序。     

Mechanism of stall and surge in a centrifugal compressor with a variable vaned diffuser

To expand the stable operating range of compressors, understanding the mechanism of flow instability at low flow rates is necessary. In this paper, the mechanism of stall and surge in a centrifugal compressor with a variable vaned diffuser is experimentally investigated, where the diffuser blade setting angle can be adjusted. Many dynamic pressure transducers are mounted on the casing surface of the compressor. From the design condition to surge, dynamic pressure data is recorded throughout the gradual process. According to the signal developing status, the typical modes of compressor instability are defined in detail, such as stall, mild surge, and deep surge. A relatively high-frequency stall wave originates in the impeller and propagates to the diffuser, and finally stimulates a deep surge in the compressor. The compressor behavior during surge differs at different diffuser vane angles. When the diffuser vane angle is adjusted, both the unstable form and the core factor affecting the overall machine stability change. A specific indicator is proposed to measure the instability of each component in a compressor, which can be used to determine the best region for stability extension technologies, such as a holed casing treatment, in different compressor applications.     

小旋转角的逆合成孔径转台成像

在地面雷达成像中,目标经过运动补偿和相关处理后大都可以看作匀速转动的转台目标,所以分析转台目标的成像原理是对实际目标成像的基础。本文从理论上详细分析了采用线性调频波形去调频机制的小旋转角转台目标逆合成孔径成像的基本原理;给出了距离维和方位维的理论分辨率,推导出了距离维和方位维的成像尺寸与雷达参数的具体关系;为了和去调频距离维成像相比较,分析了距离维匹配滤波的成像原理,得出二者有相同分辨率的结论;最后针对理想点模型和圆台模型分别进行了计算机仿真,仿真结果证明了去调频成像结论的正确性。     

The effect of the longitudinal propagating waves on the electron acceleration in the reconnecting current sheet

Based upon the most efficient electron acceleration near the midplane of 3D non-neutral driven reconnecting current sheet (RCS) and the electrostatic wave excitation by the drift Maxwellian distribution of electrons in Vlasov simulation, we assume that the electrostatic waves mainly propagate opposite to the reconnecting electric field and investigated how these waves affect the electron acceleration. The main results are: (1) when the electron’s velocity equals to the phase speed of the waves, they will be trapped and have the different accelerating characteristics from the untrapped electrons through solving the momentum equations of electrons analytically; (2) the test particle simulations further prove that the number of the energetic electrons decreases with the increasing intensity of unstable waves, and the distribution of the energetic electrons takes on the double power-law.     

旋转飞行器应答式速度测量研究

由于受单天线的方向性限制,采用传统的天线模式不能实现对旋转飞行器连续跟踪测量。通过多天线分集和合成2种模式,可以实现信号的全向接收和转发,但同时带来接收信号阶跃以及信号干涉区等新问题,这些问题会导致信号变化剧烈,能否正确描述信号动态下的特征,并分析其对设备多普勒回路的影响是实现连续高精度跟踪的关键。本文推导了多天线动态下的双程应答多普勒测速方程,详细分析了分集、合成2种天线模式下信号的特征及信号对多普勒回路的影响,并根据分析结果对多普勒回路提出改进建议。     

用弱非线性理论研究二次稳定性问题

本文把研究三波共振的弱非线性理论应用于平板边界层和平面Poiseuille流三维扰动的二次稳定性问题。其数值结果与文献[1]、[2]用Floquet形式的二次稳定性理论得出的结论是一致的。