典型工况下旋转爆震发动机进气道流动特性研究

旋转爆震发动机是一种具有较大潜力的新型动力装置,燃烧室存在的高频超高压周向压力脉动直接影响进气道扩张段的流动特征,本文采用三维定常/非定常数值模拟方法针对旋转爆震发动机进气道扩张段复杂非定常流动特性开展研究。研究结果表明：受下游燃烧室旋转爆震波影响,扩张段内存在呈螺旋状向上游传播的运动激波;运动激波向上游传播过程中强度衰减、传播速度下降,激波形态逐步由类正激波向类斜激波演化,运动激波逐步向驻激波演变,运动激波与边界层干扰诱发的回流区逐步向波前扩展,波面坐标系下波前亚声速相对厚度逐渐增大;与定常反压状态相比,旋转爆震工作状态进气道出口静温、总温较高、总压较低。本文研究加深了对旋转爆震发动机进气道流动特性的认识,有助于该类发动机进气道的研制。     

旋转盘腔轴向通流的压降和温升数值研究

为获得旋转雷诺数对盘腔轴向通流温升和压降的影响,对轴向通流雷诺数(Re_x)恒定为1.0′10^₅、旋转雷诺数(Re_w)在0~5.31′10^₆之间、绝热边界下的流动进行了数值模拟,从流场特征、盘面绝热温升以及轴向通流压降和温升等三个方面进行了分析。研究表明,旋转雷诺数对于盘腔内部和轴向通流的流动均具有显著影响;尽管是绝热盘面,但是由于高速旋转的黏性耗散作用引发盘腔内气流的温升,由温度差引起的浮升力对于盘腔内流动和盘面温度分布的影响也是不可忽略的;随旋转雷诺数增大,轴向通流出口温度相对进口温度的温升急剧增大,在旋转雷诺数小于2.5′10^₆时,轴向通流相对温升系数在0.01以内,当旋转雷诺数大于4.5′10^₆时,轴向通流相对温升系数达到0.04以上。     

高超声速数值激波失稳的网格依赖性

高超声速强激波的稳定捕捉仍极具挑战性。目前工程计算中普遍应用的数值格式在模拟多维强激波时通常会遭遇明显的激波不稳定现象,且数值格式的激波稳定性对计算网格表现出严重的依赖性。基于矩阵稳定性分析法,对比了具有不同耗散性质的数值格式稳定捕捉激波的能力,分析了空间二阶精度格式的激波稳定性及限制器对激波稳定性的影响。在此基础上,重点探究了计算网格对激波稳定性的影响规律,研究了网格长宽比和畸变角度对激波稳定性的影响。结果显示,在激波附近通过增大网格长宽比或改变网格畸变角度可有效改善激波捕捉的稳定性;相比于增大网格长宽比,改变网格畸变角度提升激波捕捉稳定性的效果更加明显。在此基础上,结合数值耗散分析对高马赫数下数值激波失稳现象的网格依赖性机制进行了探讨。     

Rocket observations of propagating waves in the night time equatorial F-region over Brazil

A Brazilian SONDA III rocket carrying plasma diagnostic experiments was launched from the Brazilian rocket launching stations in Alcântara (2.31°S, 44.4°W Geog. Lat.) to measure the height profiles of electron density, electron temperature and the ambient electric field. High frequency capacitance probe was used to measure the height profile of the electron density and the Langmuir probe was used to measure the electron density and the spatial structures of plasma irregularities. An electric field double probe was used to measure the electric field fluctuations associated with the F-region plasma irregularities. Spectral analysis of the fluctuations in electron density and electric field indicated the presence of propagating waves in the night time F-region over a large height range. The electron temperatures estimated from the LP data showed abnormally high values in the base of the F-region during the upleg of the rocket and practically normal values in the same height region during the downleg. A brief study of the characteristic features of the spectra of electron density and electric field fluctuations and the associated electron temperature variations are presented and discussed here.     

激波与氦气泡相互作用的实验与数值研究

提出了一种在激波管中实现运动激波与球形气一气界面相互作用的研究方案。以肥皂膜作为气体交界面,高压火花为光源,采用阴影法,在马赫数M=1．2的情况下,在矩形激波管中开展了一系列的实验研究,获得了激波作用下球形氦气泡界面发展变化的相关实验结果。还通过求解二维轴对称的Euler方程,结合网格自适应策略,对实验过程进行了数值模拟。通过与实验结果的对比分析,证实了涡量的产生和分布对于界面的变形和发展有着重要意义。     

空间飞行体与压缩区内等离子体非稳态相互作用的控制方程

本文详细研究了压缩区内飞行体与等离子体之间的非稳态相互作用，得到了这种相互作用的控制方程。作为辐射源的飞行体天线系统，可以激发出可探测到的电磁弧波。带电粒子密度扰动对电磁弧波的影响表现为一个振幅的衰减因子。这表明，可通过对这种电磁弧波的探测而发现隐身飞行体的踪迹。     

Changing law of launching pitching angular velocity of rotating missile

In order to provide accurate launching pitching angular velocity（LPAV） for the exterior trajectory optimization design, multi-flexible body dynamics（MFBD） technology is presented to study the changing law of LPAV of the rotating missile based on spiral guideway. An MFBD virtual prototype model of the rotating missile launching system is built using multi-body dynamics modeling technology based on the built flexible body models of key components and the special force model.The built model is verified with the frequency spectrum analysis. With the flexible body contact theory and nonlinear theory of MFBD technology, the research is conducted on the influence of a series of factors on LPAV, such as launching angle change, clearance between launching canister and missile,thrust change, thrust eccentricity and mass eccentricity, etc. Through this research, some useful values of the key design parameters which are difficult to be measured in physical tests are obtained. Finally,a simplified mathematical model of the changing law of LPAV is presented through fitting virtual test results using the linear regression method and verified by physical flight tests. The research results have important significance for the exterior trajectory optimization design.     

反射激波作用下两种重气柱界面不稳定性实验研究

在水平方形激波管中对两种无膜重气柱界面（分别是SF6和氩气）在反射激波作用下的不稳定性发展进行了实验研究。气柱界面采用射流技术形成,实验采用连续激光片光源照射流场,乙二醇作为示踪粒子,并用高速摄像机对流场进行拍摄,获得了入射激波以及反射激波共同作用下,两种不同气柱界面的演化过程。实验结果表明,两种气柱的Atwood数不同,界面演化速率不同,反射激波到达前后的界面形态不同。SF6气柱在入射激波作用下会产生两个比较明显的反向的涡环结构,而氩气柱界面上由于产生的涡量较少,涡环结构并不明显。在反射激波作用下,SF6气柱界面会出现明显的次级涡对,而且次级涡对的旋转方向与初始涡环结构的旋转方向相反。对于氩气柱而言,在反射激波作用下虽然也产生了与初始涡环方向相反的次级涡对,但次级涡对始终未充分发展。这是因为反射激波作用时氩气柱界面的Atwood数较小导致氩气柱界面上产生的反向涡量较少。实验结果充分表明了气体Atwood数对界面不稳定性的发展起到了较大的影响。     

封闭腔内旋转圆盘阻力扭矩特性和微沟槽减阻研究

为了研究旋转圆盘的微沟槽减阻的作用机理,结合离心泵圆盘减阻问题,采用数值模拟的方法对封闭腔体中旋转圆盘的流场进行了仿真计算,并对微沟槽减阻的效果和作用机理进行了分析.计算结果显示,较小的法向间隙和微沟槽都能够起到减阻作用,最大减阻率为13.1％.对壁面参数和流场结构的分析表明,产生减阻效应的原因是法向间隙和微沟槽改变了...     

Feedback control of boundary layer Tollmien-Schlichting waves using a simple model-based controller

The attenuation of spatially evolving instability Tollmien-Schlichting (T-S) waves in the boundary layer of a flat plate with zero pressure gradients using an active feedback control scheme is theoretically and numerically investigated. The boundary layer is excited artificially by various perturbations to create a three-dimensional field of instability waves. Arrays of actuators and sensors are distributed locally at the wall surface and connected together via a feedback controller. The key elements of this feedback control are the determination of the dynamic model of the flat plate boundary layer between the actuators and the sensors, and the design of the model-based feedback controller. The dynamic model is established based on the linear stability calculation which simulates the three-dimensional input-output behaviour of the boundary layer. To simplify the control problem, an uncoupled control mode of the dynamic model is made to capture only those dynamics that have greatest influences on the input-output behaviour. A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller, i.e. a lead-lag compensator, combining with a standard Smith predictor is designed based on the system stability criterion and the specifications using frequency-response methods. Good performance of the feedback control with the uncoupled control mode is demonstrated by the large reduction of the three-dimensional disturbances in the boundary layer. This simple feedback control is realistic and competitive in a practical implementation of T-S wave cancellation using a limited number of localised sensors and actuators.