Investigation of hot jet on active control of oblique detonation waves

The hot jet injection is utilized to actively control the oblique detonation wave, such as initiating and stabilizing an oblique detonation wave at a desired position that is shorter than the length of induction zone, and adjust the height of the oblique detonation wave at the exit of combustor when the oblique detonation wave engine is working on off-design flight conditions. The fifth order Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) scheme and a two-step reversible reaction mechanism of the stoichiometric H₂/Air are adopted in the simulations. With the help of hot jet injection, the transition from inert oblique shock wave to the oblique detonation wave immediately occurs near the position of hot jet injection, and consequently the length of combustor can be reduced. The angle of oblique detonation wave also decreases as the hot jet injection approaches the nose of wedge. Additionally, the height of the oblique detonation wave at the exit of combustor can be flexibly adjusted, and also depends on the injection position and the strength of the hot jet. If the velocity of the hot jet is too weak to directly trigger the overall oblique detonation wave at the position of injection, increasing the injection pressure will improve the strength of the hot jet and results in a successful transition.     

煤油富燃燃气旋转爆震燃烧实验研究

为了了解煤油富燃燃气旋转爆震燃烧的过程及其特点,采用液体煤油一次燃烧后的富燃燃气与富氧空气二次爆震燃烧的方案,对0.51～1.29余气系数条件下的旋转爆震燃烧过程开展了实验研究。实验研究结果表明:与液体煤油相比,煤油富燃燃气能够在更低氧含量的富氧空气中实现旋转爆震波的稳定传播。氧气质量含量为29%,余气系数为0.74时,煤油富燃燃气与富氧空气形成的旋转爆震波的传播速度均值为926.3m/s。贫氧条件下,随着空气流量增大,旋转爆震波的传播速度先减小后增大,其最小值为氧浓度降低与空气流量增大对爆震波传播速度影响的平衡点。本实验范围内,该平衡点对应的氧气质量含量和余气系数分别为35%与0.92。     

喷口导流环结构对激波聚焦起爆的影响分析

为研究两级脉冲爆震发动机环形喷口导流环的深度与角度对共振腔内激波聚焦起爆爆震波的影响,以氢气和空气混合物为例,对不同导流环深度和角度下激波聚焦起爆爆震波的过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,导流环越深,起爆点的压力和温度越高,越有利于起爆;在导流环角度较小的情况下,导流环越深,工作频率越低,单位时间内整个装置的净冲量越小;在导流环角度较大的情况下,导流环越深,工作频率越高,单位时间内整个装置的净冲量越大;此外,随着导流环倾斜角的增大,起爆点温度和压力先升高后降低,在倾斜角为25°左右达到最大值,且起爆时刻提前,工作频率提高,单位时间内整个装置的净冲量也增大。     

前置涡轮组合脉冲爆震发动机性能分析

为解决纯脉冲爆震发动机地面启动问题,并提升其低马赫数下的性能优势,提出了一种利用外涵中爆震室头部压力驱动内涵中涡轮转动部件的前置涡轮组合脉冲爆震发动机,建立了相应的性能分析方法,并对其部件特性及整机性能进行了计算研究。结果表明,近似稳态的涡轮总温总压进口条件可以在该组合发动机中实现,同时随着爆震室头部侧向开孔面积与爆震室面积之比(即驱动面积比)增大,流入发动机内涵驱动涡轮的气体流量增大,而涡轮前总温、总压及涡轮落压比减小,组合发动机整机推进性能增大;通过改变驱动面积比的大小,可以获得不同的压气机增压比以适于不同的飞行马赫数,进而实现发动机宽广的工作范围。     

基于定标站的旋转扫描扇形波束散射计在轨定标方法

RFSCAT具有较宽刈幅并能够对同一个风单元提供较多的方位角和入射角观测组合,提高风场反演精度。为了达到设计的风场反演精度,必须对散射计进行在轨外定标。该文基于中法海洋卫星（Chinese French Oceanography Satellite, CFOSAT）雷达散射计的系统参数,给出了一种利用地面定标站(Calibration Ground Station,CGS)对RFSCAT进行在轨外定标的定标方法,并利用仿真数据进行验证。该方法能够达到0.01°的姿态角估计精度和0.1〖KG*9〗dB天线方向图估计精度,实现对RFSCAT天线方向图在轨监测和验证。     

Criteria for hypersonic airbreathing propulsion and its experimental verification

Hypersonic airbreathing propulsion is one of the top techniques for future aerospace flight, but there are still no practical engines after seventy years' development. Two critical issues are identified to be the barriers for the ramjet-based engine that has been taken as the most potential concept of the hypersonic propulsion for decades. One issue is the upstream-traveling shock wave that develops from spontaneous waves resulting from continuous heat releases in combustors and can induce unsteady combustion that may lead to engine surging during scramjet engine operation. The other is the scramjet combustion mode that cannot satisfy thrust needs of hypersonic vehicles since its thermos-efficiency decreases as the flight Mach number increases. The two criteria are proposed for the ramjet-based hypersonic propulsion to identify combustion modes and avoid thermal choking. A standing oblique detonation ramjet (Sodramjet) engine concept is proposed based on the criteria by replacing diffusive combustion with an oblique detonation that is a unique pressure-gain phenomenon in nature. The Sodramjet engine model is developed with several flow control techniques, and tested successfully with the hypersonic flight-duplicated shock tunnel. The experimental data show that the Sodramjet engine model works steadily, and an oblique detonation can be made stationary in the engine combustor and is controllable. This research demonstrates the Sodramjet engine is a promising concept and can be operated stably with high thermal efficiency at hypersonic flow conditions.     

连续旋转爆震波的瞬时传播特性

开展氢气/空气连续旋转爆震试验,并计算连续旋转爆震波的瞬时传播频率与传播速度,统计其相对标准偏差,并以此作为爆震波瞬时传播过程稳定性的评价标准,研究推进剂流量对连续旋转爆震波瞬时传播特性的影响.结果表明:在当量比为1.0时,空气流量由321g/s增加至505g/s,连续旋转爆震波的平均传播频率由4.60kHz升高至5.33kHz,平均传播速度由1445m/s增加为1674m/s;连续旋转爆震波瞬时传播频率的相对标准偏差则由4.00%减小至1.69%,这表明连续旋转爆震波在较大的推进剂流量下的传播过程更加稳定.      

无阀式脉冲爆震火箭发动机运行稳定性实验

以无阀模式运行时,脉冲爆震火箭发动机可达到更高的运行频率,但容易出现连续燃烧、点火不成功以及运行频率与点火频率不一致等运行不稳定问题。为探索供给条件对运行稳定性的影响,采用乙烯为燃料、富氧空气为氧化剂,开展了实验研究,分析了氧化剂中氧气体积分数对运行稳定性的影响。结果表明,采用氧气体积分数分别为40%和66%的氧化剂时,当量比范围分别为1.2~1.7和0.8~2.3时才能产生稳定的爆震波;采用氧气体积分数66%的氧化剂时,可获得稳定爆震波的当量比范围较宽;稳定产生爆震波时,爆震管封闭端附近的压力振荡会向供给通道的上游传播,造成通道内介质的流动振荡,振荡频率与运行频率呈倍数关系;爆震波不稳定产生条件下,供给通道内的流动振荡表现为无规律的低频振荡,该振荡加剧了无阀无隔离模式运行的不稳定,故有必要在供给通道内加装压力反传抑制装置。     

涡流发生器对轴流压气机叶顶流动不稳定性影响的实验研究

为了探究涡流发生器对轴流压气机叶顶流动不稳定性的影响,在一台低速轴流压气机转子上开展了实验研究。将梯形和半球形两种涡流发生器分别安装在转子叶顶上游机匣上,基于不同的安装角度共制定了五种控制方案。分析了气动性能的变化,并采用频谱分析和统计分析方法考察了壁面脉动压力特性的变化。实验结果表明：采用梯形涡流发生器后,除安装角为90°的方案外,其它方案在各工况下扩压能力均略有下降,失速时的流量也明显减小。在流场存在旋转不稳定性或失速的工况,-45°方案时涡流发生器增加了来流的正预旋,增加了气流动量,同时产生的诱导涡会径向迁移,进而抑制了叶顶区域的旋转不稳定性或旋转失速的强度。     

煤油/空气三管气动阀式脉冲爆震发动机

 在煤油/空气单管气动阀式脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)研究基础上,建立了煤油/空气三管气动阀式PDE实验系统。在进气加温的条件下,以煤油为燃料,低污染空气为氧化剂,在内径为100 mm、长为2 000 mm的3个爆震管组成的三管气动阀式PDE中进行了多循环爆震实验,成功实现总工作频率30 Hz情况下,保证三管正常时序工作,在每个爆震管中均获得稳定发展的Chapman Jouguet(CJ)爆震波,研究了共用进气道对爆震室充填混气的影响和不同工作频率下三管气动阀式PDE的爆震波压力特性。研究结果为进一步研究多管PDE提供了基础,为探索脉冲爆震 涡扇组合发动机(PDTE)的可行性提供了初步的理论依据。