GPS/惯性组合方式讨论与导航精度分析

 本文讨论GPS/惯性组合两种方式的优缺点。并以GPS伪距和伪距率与惯导组合为例,按GPS测量误差的不同,以及使用差分机等情况,仿真计算了机载使用的组合导航性能,进行了详细的精度分析。结果表明,这种组合的导航精度比GPS和惯导各自的导航精度高。在采用差分GPS机与惯导组合后,位置误差将进一步减少,使组合导航具有开辟例如飞机进场着陆等新的使用领域的可能性。     

某型发动机喘振综合治理及扩稳试验

为了解决某型发动机旋转失速、喘振问题 ,在深入分析其原因的基础上 ,提出了对该型发动机从生产、使用和修理等多个环节进行综合治理的方案。为了扩大发动机的稳定裕度 ,把第二级静叶的安装角加大了 2° ,并通过调整喷口面积来弥补对发动机性能的影响 ,进行了相应的试验 ,结果表明 ,这种方法对于减少大修发动机失速、喘振是有效的 ,可行的。     

旋转爆震发动机燃烧室壁面烧蚀热防护研究

为了研究碳化烧蚀材料对旋转爆震燃烧室的被动热防护作用效果,建立了旋转爆震燃烧室热环境计算模型和多层复合壁一维烧蚀热响应分析模型。基于旋转爆震燃烧过程的数值模拟,确定了沿燃烧室轴向的壁面平均温度与热流的分布特征;针对典型的壁面热负荷输入条件,采用动边界隐式差分格式,对碳化型烧蚀材料的烧蚀过程和传热过程进行了耦合计算,分析了碳化层剥蚀、热解热、热解气体质量流率、材料厚度等因素对燃烧室壁面热防护效果的影响。研究结果表明,旋转爆震燃烧室温度和热流密度分布不均匀,斜激波扫掠区域热负荷更为剧烈;碳化层剥蚀后会使烧蚀材料的烧蚀率增加,壁面温度迅速上升;增大热解热及热解气体质量流率都有利于延长工作时间、降低壁面温度; 旋转爆震燃烧室不同区域的烧蚀有一定差异,增加烧蚀材料厚度无疑有利于壁面热防护,但是在实际应用中应综合考虑壁面重量和空间尺寸。     

一种基于惯性/视觉信息融合的无人机自主着陆导航算法

无人机自主着陆过程中需要实时获得高精度的导航信息,对自主性、实时性的要求较高.现有的导航方式都存在各自的不足,且在室内等新型环境中不能使用.针对这一问题,提出了一种视觉/惯性组合导航算法.首先建立了世界坐标系下惯性导航的数学模型,随后通过Kalman滤波实现位置、姿态匹配,其中位置匹配完成速度误差、加表零偏的估计;姿态匹配完成安装误差角、陀螺漂移的估计,并利用估计得到的安装误差角和视觉导航系统输出的姿态信息对惯导姿态进行修正.仿真结果表明,该算法具有一定的工程应用价值.     

涡流发生器对轴流压气机叶顶流动不稳定性影响的实验研究

为了探究涡流发生器对轴流压气机叶顶流动不稳定性的影响,在一台低速轴流压气机转子上开展了实验研究。将梯形和半球形两种涡流发生器分别安装在转子叶顶上游机匣上,基于不同的安装角度共制定了五种控制方案。分析了气动性能的变化,并采用频谱分析和统计分析方法考察了壁面脉动压力特性的变化。实验结果表明：采用梯形涡流发生器后,除安装角为90°的方案外,其它方案在各工况下扩压能力均略有下降,失速时的流量也明显减小。在流场存在旋转不稳定性或失速的工况,-45°方案时涡流发生器增加了来流的正预旋,增加了气流动量,同时产生的诱导涡会径向迁移,进而抑制了叶顶区域的旋转不稳定性或旋转失速的强度。     

GPS/BDS/INS tightly coupled integration accuracy improvement using an improved adaptive interacting multiple model with classified measurement update

An Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is commonly used to fuse raw Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements and Inertial Navigation System (INS) derived measurements. However, the Conventional EKF (CEKF) suffers the problem for which the uncertainty of the statistical properties to dynamic and measurement models will degrade the performance. In this research, an Adaptive Interacting Multiple Model (AIMM) filter is developed to enhance performance. The soft-switching property of Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) algorithm allows the adaptation between two levels of process noise, namely lower and upper bounds of the process noise. In particular, the Sage adaptive filtering is applied to adapt the measurement covariance on line. In addition, a classified measurement update strategy is utilized, which updates the pseudorange and Doppler observations sequentially. A field experiment was conducted to validate the proposed algorithm, the pseudorange and Doppler observations from Global Positioning System (GPS) and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) were post-processed in differential mode. The results indicate that decimeter-level positioning accuracy is achievable with AIMM for GPS/INS and GPS/BDS/INS configurations, and the position accuracy is improved by 35.8%, 34.3% and 33.9% for north, east and height components, respectively, compared to the CEKF counterpart for GPS/BDS/INS. Degraded performance for BDS/INS is obtained due to the lower precision of BDS pseudorange observations.     

叉排扰流柱排列参数对旋转矩形通道对流换热特性的影响

本文用实验的方法研究了叉排扰流柱阵列的排列参数对旋转矩形通道对流换热特性的影响。实验共采用了6个模型,扰流柱的排列参数S_n/d的取值为5.0,6.5和8.0,S_p/S_n为1.2,1.6和2.0,其中d为扰流柱的直径,S_n为扰流柱横向间距,S_p为2倍的纵向间距。结果表明,在实验范围内,纵向排列参数S_p/S_n的取值介于1.2和1.6之间为好;扰流柱横向排列参数S_n/d=5,即最密时,最有利于换热,但应综合考虑其引起的流阻损失。      

模拟旋转内冷通道中压力测量的实验研究

在旋转内冷通道中,用压力传感器测量垂直于旋转轴的矩形管道充动气体的压力分布,实验结果表明：（１）在同一半径处,转速增加引起压差减少,（２）在转速较低时随着半径增大,压差减小,但转速较大,总的压差反而随着半径增大而增大,（３）流体管道中的扰流柱起着增另气流紊流的作用,导致压力损失增大,压降增大。     

Experimental study of rotating gliding arc discharge plasma-assisted combustion in an aero-engine combustion chamber

The combustion chamber is the core component of an aero-engine, and affects its reliability and security operation, even the performance of the aircraft. In this work, a Plasma-Assisted Combustion(PAC) test platform was developed to validate the feasibility of using PAC actuators to enhance annular combustor performance. Two plans of PAC(rotating gliding arc discharge plasma) were designed, Assisted Combustion from Primary Holes(ACPH) and Assisted Combustion from Dilution Holes(ACDH). Comparative experiments and analysis between conventional combustion and PAC were conducted to study the effects of ACPH and ACDH on the performances including average outlet temperature, combustion efficiency, pattern factor under four different excessive air coefficients(0.8, 1, 2, and 4), and lean blowout performance at different inlet airflow velocities. Experimental results show that the combustion efficiency is improved after PAC compared with that in normal conditions, and the combustion efficiency of ACPH increases2.45%, 1.49%, 1.04%, and 0.47%, while it increases 2.75%, 1.67%, 1.36%, and 0.36% under ACDH conditions. The uniformity of the outlet temperature field and the lean blowout performance are improved after PAC. Especially for ACPH, the widening of the lean blowout limit is8.3%, 12.4%, 12.8%, and 25% respectively when the inlet velocity ranges from 60 m/s to120 m/s. These results offer new perspectives for using PAC devices to enhance aero-engine combustors' performances.     

旋转爆震发动机液态燃料预爆器设计及爆震燃烧特性研究

为了解决液态燃料旋转爆震发动机点火起爆困难和结构紧凑等问题,进行了以液态航空煤油为燃料的预爆器设计,包括离心/预膜复合燃油雾化喷嘴、点火/传焰凹腔、三枝管预爆室等结构。以液态航空煤油/氧气为工作介质,进行了离心/预膜复合燃油雾化喷嘴雾化特性和预爆器爆震燃烧特性试验研究,获得了离心/预膜复合燃油雾化喷嘴雾化粒径变化规律,以及预爆器内爆震波压力、传播速度等变化规律。研究表明:离心/预膜复合燃油雾化喷嘴的雾化效果随气流流量和油压增加而改善,预爆器接近出口位置(PCB5处)爆震波峰值压力可超过3.80MPa,爆震波传播速度可达1800m/s;随着当量比增加,预爆器内过驱爆震位置提前,有利于缩短预爆器的长度。