飞行试验中对惯导系统真航向精度的一种评估方法

介绍了一种惯导系统真航向角精度的试飞评估方法.用GP S信息计算出飞行航迹作为参考基准,准确测出惯导系统输出的航迹角误差,以此间接评估惯导系统的真航向角精度.试飞结果表明,该方法科学可行.     

平流层飞艇升降阶段BPNN惯性导航算法

软式平流层飞艇艇体在上升和下降时经常呈堆叠状态,GPS信号会被艇体间歇性遮挡,因而只能采用惯性导航。为保证在飞艇上升和下降过程中,INS/GPS组合导航系统在被艇体遮挡GPS时仍能够提供满足精度要求的导航信息,设计了一种改进的反向传播神经网络(Back Propagation Neural Network, BPNN）惯性导航算法。采用神经网络,根据惯性导航系统在1s内的速度均值和姿态变化量,预估其在1s末的位置误差和速度误差,并对惯性导航结果进行修正。仿真实验和跑车试验结果表明,在GPS失效的30s内,新算法使得位置误差低于15m,速度误差低于0.7m/s,误差相比纯惯性导航降低了85%。     

基于OpenFOAM的三维H2/Air连续旋转爆轰流场数值模拟

为进一步研究旋转爆轰流场特征,基于开源计算流体动力学软件OpenFOAM,采用9组分19步的基元化学反应模型,对H2/Air连续旋转爆轰流场进行了三维数值模拟,得到了旋转爆轰波稳定传播时燃烧室内部流场的详细结构,研究了燃烧室头部激波的传播特性,分析了旋转爆轰燃烧室的压力增益性能。结果表明:旋转爆轰波后的第一道反射激波在由燃烧室外壁面向内壁面传播过程中反射激波的高度增加并在靠近内壁面附近与滑移线交汇形成局部高温高压区域;旋转爆轰波在外壁面位置处相位约落后于内壁面0.003rad～0.15rad,其相位差随燃烧室曲率差的增加而增大;燃烧室头部反射激波数目受到曲率差和进气总压的影响,燃烧室曲率差增大,反射激波数目减少,进气总压增大,反射激波数目增多;燃烧室压力增益保持在0.3以上,在进气总压一定的条件下,压力增益随着燃烧室曲率差的增大有增加的趋势。研究结果揭示了三维旋转爆轰流场的精细结构和燃烧室头部激波的传播规律。     

回填式搅拌摩擦点焊过程温度场的数值模拟

根据回填式搅拌摩擦点焊的连接机理,合理的温度场是获得高性能接头的基础;根据回填式搅拌摩擦点焊过程的特点,利用有限元分析软件MSC.Marc建立了焊接过程的有限元模型;在利用测温试验验证有限元模型正确性的基础上,利用数值模拟的方法对7075–T6铝合金焊接过程中的温度场进行研究。结果表明:在预热阶段,温度峰值随摩擦时间的增加呈现先快速后缓慢上升的趋势,在8s左右趋向稳定;在焊接阶段,温度峰值始终位于套筒端面的中心附近,且最大值出现在套筒回抽1s时,同时提高搅拌工具的旋转速度可增加焊接过程的温度最大值。     

INS/GPS组合系统在反舰导弹导航制导中的应用

为了提高反舰导弹的精确制导效率,提出了INS／GPS(惯性导航/卫星导航)相结合的导航方法,分析了INS与GPS相结合时的误差模型、整个系统的性能及滤波算法,并对INS／GPS 组合导航的应用前景做了一般性的分析。     

GPS/IMU组合导航系统中杆臂效应分析

Disturbance specific force caused by the lever arm ef-fects in integration navigation system is investigated,Navigation errors eaused by the lever arm effects have been demonstrated under three flinght scenarios of the air-craft.Analytical under three flight scenarios of the ari-craft.Analytical results show that disturbance specific force resulted from lever arm effects may become one of the major error sources while an aircraft undertakes the maneuvers,and mavigation errors caused by the lever arm effects accumulate rapidly with time.Therefore,a com-pensation method must be taken into account to eliminate the disturbance specific force caused by the lever arm ef-fects in integration navigation system.     

惯导系统可观测性及最佳可观测子空间的定量研究

应用结构分解理论及奇异值分解法对惯导系统（INS）误差模型的可观测性进行了全面分析。研究了一种基于可观测性定义及奇异值分解法结合的定量确定惯导系统可观测性及可观测度的方法，明确了惯导系统的三个最佳不可观测状态组合；应用线性控制系统的Kalman典范结构分解定理，确定了惯导系统的最佳观测子系统。此项研究成果，为进一步研究INS的快速精确对准及标定技术奠定了理论基础。     

GPS/INS紧组合系统导航性能研究

为了提高组合导航的精度和抗干扰性,采用了直接利用GPS接收机原始测量信息（伪距、伪距率）的紧组合方式,详细推导了该组合导航系统的模型,根据全球定位系统（GPS）的误差模型及惯性导航系统（INS）在地固系中的误差方程,以伪距差为量测输入,设计了GPS/INS组合导航系统的卡尔曼滤波器。仿真结果表明,该组合方法可以充分利用GPS的信息修正INS的导航误差,与此同时,INS可以辅助GPS重新快速捕获卫星信号,满足一定的导航精度需求。提高了组合导航系统的容错性,对各种载体的精确导航与制导具有一定的现实意义。     

Optimal guidance and collision avoidance for docking with the rotating target spacecraft

The guidance and control strategy for spacecraft rendezvous and docking are of vital importance, especially for a chaser spacecraft docking with a rotating target spacecraft. Approach guidance for docking maneuver in planar is studied in this paper. Approach maneuver includes two processes: optimal energy approach and the following flying-around approach. Flying-around approach method is presented to maintain a fixed relative distance and attitude for chaser spacecraft docking with target spacecraft. Due to the disadvantage of energy consumption and initial velocity condition, optimal energy guidance is presented and can be used for providing an initial state of flying-around approach process. The analytical expression of optimal energy guidance is obtained based on the Pontryagin minimum principle which can be used in real time. A couple of solar panels on the target spacecraft are considered as obstacles during proximity maneuvers, so secure docking region is discussed. A two-phase optimal guidance method is adopted for collision avoidance with solar panels. Simulation demonstrates that the closed-loop optimal energy guidance satisfies the ending docking constraints, avoids collision with time-varying rotating target, and provides the initial velocity conditions of flying-around approach maneuver. Flying-around approach maneuver can maintain fixed relative position and attitude for docking.     

Aeroelastic simulation of the first 1.5-stage aeroengine fan at rotating stall

A massive parallel aeroelastic simulation platform has been built to investigate the first 1.5-stage fan of an aeroengine at rotating stall. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver and Computational Structural Dynamics (CSD) solver are coupled directly by non-matching mesh interfaces. The unsteady rotor/stator interaction is solved by the Sliding Mesh Interface method. The original rotor blades are shrouded by the midspan shrouds. An unshrouded fan is also created to investigate the effects of the midspan shrouds. Both the shrouded fan and unshrouded fan have stable aeroelasticity at the designed state. At rotating stall, the stalled region rotates at 30% of the rotor speed on the absolute reference frame. The energy spectrum of the rotating stalled flow is measured quantitatively. It shows that the first two order excitations are much stronger than the higher order excitations. In the flow of rotating stall, the fifth backward travelling wave mode of shrouded fan is resonated by the fifth excitation of the rotational stalled flow because the rotational speed of the stalled region coincides with the modal rotational speed, while for the unshrouded fan, the first bending mode is resonated by the second excitation of the rotational stalled flow, forming two waves in the circumference of the annulus blades. At rotating stall, the vibration of the shrouded blades is still under control but the vibration of the unshrouded blades is diverged and out of control. A novel tool, i.e., resonance map, is proposed to predict the resonance. It provides a perspective to explain the effects of midspan shrouds at a theoretical level, and it would also be helpful in the structural design of blades.