旋转爆震波发动机二维数值模拟

采用一种改进的化学非平衡流解耦方法对Euler反应流方程解耦处理,对流项采用五阶WENO格式离散,化学反应源项的刚性采用简化的隐式方法处理,时间步进采用二阶精度的Runge-Kutta方法,对H2/Air预混气旋转爆震发动机内流场进行了二维数值模拟。模拟结果给出了不同发动机尺寸条件下的详细起爆过程,结果表明当发动机尺寸小于临界直径时无法成功起爆;详细分析了流场结构和爆震波形状,旋转爆震波的传播速度与理论预测值吻合;性能分析结果表明在喷注总压低于燃烧室平均压力时仍可实现推进剂喷注,没装尾喷管的情况下发动机比冲达到176.5s。     

Experimental investigation on SPS casing treatment with bias flow

Generally, casing treatment（CT） is a passivity method to enhance the stall margin of fan/compressor. A novel casing treatment based on the small disturbance theory and vortex and wave interaction suggestion is a method combining passive control and active control, which has been proved effective at enhancing the stall margin of fan/compressor in experiment. In order to investigate the mechanism of this kind of casing treatment, an experimental investigation of a stall precursor-suppressed（SPS） casing treatment with air suction or blowing air is conducted in the present paper. The SPS casing treatment is designed to suppressing stall precursors to realize stall margin enhancement in turbomachinery. The experimental results show that the casing treatment with blowing air of small quantity can improve the stall margin by about 8% with about 1% efficiency loss. By contrast, the SPS casing treatment with micro-bias flow does not improve the stall margin much more than that without bias flow, even worse. Meanwhile, the present investigation has also attempted to reveal the mechanism of stall margin improvement with the casing treatment.It is found that the stall margin improvements vary with the modification of the unsteady shedding flow and the unsteady wall boundary impedance. The experimental results agree fairly well with the theoretical prediction using a flow stability model of rotating stall.     

地磁辅助的无缝INS/GPS组合导航研究

INS/GPS组合导航已经成为当前无人机导航系统的主要实现形式,由于GPS信号容易受到干扰,在恶劣的电磁环境下信号易丢失,从而导致GPS卫星信号失锁而无法使用。地磁导航作为一种无源导航方法,其难以受到外界干扰且具有较强的自主性,从而为克服GPS在干扰情况下无法对INS误差实现持续无缝修正的不足提供了很好的途径。针对INS/GPS组合导航中GPS卫星信号失锁的情况,设计提出了使用地磁匹配导航进行辅助实现无人机无缝导航的实现方案,设计了基于地磁特征的地磁匹配算法和地磁匹配辅助的INS/GPS组合无缝自主导航算法,并通过仿真验证了采用地磁匹配辅助导航方法,可以在GPS无效的情况下,实现对INS导航误差的持续无缝修正,从而提高导航系统性能。     

燃烧室宽度对液态燃料旋转爆轰发动机影响实验研究

为了研究燃烧室宽度对液态燃料旋转爆轰发动机工作特性的影响,搭建了气液两相旋转爆轰实验系统,以汽油/富氧空气为工质,氢气/氧气预爆轰管作为点火装置,在不同燃烧室宽度下开展了一系列实验研究,分析了爆轰波的起爆过程,以及燃烧室宽度对爆轰波传播特性与发动机推力性能的影响。实验结果表明：点火后,燃烧室内需要经过一个爆燃转爆轰过程才能形成自持传播的爆轰波;爆轰波在不同燃烧室宽度下均以双波对撞模态传播,对应的波速分布在850~1025m/s内,随着当量比增加,波速整体呈增加趋势;当燃烧室宽度减小,波速整体有所降低;不同燃烧室宽度下推力性能存在显著差异,其中燃烧室宽度在16.5mm下,发动机的推力和燃料比冲要明显低于11.5mm和9mm的;随着燃烧室宽度减小,内外壁面边界层在流场中的作用更为突出,降低了发动机推力的稳定性。     

基于预爆震管的旋转爆震波建立和传播过程研究

预爆震管已成为旋转爆震发动机的主流点火方式,为研究预爆震管点火方式下旋转爆震波的起始和传播过程,本文采用动态压力传感器、离子探针以及高速摄影等实验手段,分析了旋转爆震波的建立过程,探讨了预爆震管与燃烧室的相互作用,总结了预爆震管出口直径、初始填充压力以及排气时间对旋转爆震波建立和传播的影响。研究表明：由于衍射作用,从垂直安装预爆震管传出的爆震波,在燃烧室内迅速发生解耦,形成来两道传播速度相同、方向相反的的低速燃烧波。两道燃烧波沿燃烧室周向不断加速并对撞,对撞多次后最终发展成一道旋转爆震波。预爆震管出口直径对旋转爆震波建立时间的影响要明显大于初始填充压力的影响。增大预爆震管出口直径,可提高燃烧室内初道激波和燃烧波的强度,有利于降低DDT时间,但由于预爆震管对旋转爆震波的传播具有一定消弱作用,旋转爆震波的平均传播速度略有减小。当预爆震管处于排气阶段时,旋转爆震波仍可稳定传播,其排气过程并不影响旋转爆震波建立时间。     

连续旋转爆震波与涡轮静子叶栅相互作用数值研究

为了研究旋转爆震燃烧与涡轮部件组合的工作特性,对旋转爆震波与涡轮静子叶栅的相互作用过程进行了数值模拟,考虑了不同传播方向的影响,详细分析了爆震波与涡轮叶栅相互作用机理。结果表明,爆震波顺着叶盆方向传播时,在叶栅的叶盆处出现高温区,逆向传播时,同时在叶盆和叶背处都出现高温区;并且顺向传播时产生的反射波强度更大。分析了涡轮进出口压力和温度的变化过程,发现涡轮对压力的波动有一定抑制作用,顺向和逆向传播的爆震波经过涡轮叶栅后压力变化幅值分别下降了68%和57%。得到了对于当前叶栅构型,顺向传播的爆震波总压损失为11.03%,而逆向传播的爆震波总压损失为6.7%。     

捷联式重力仪在海洋测量中的应用与数据处理

针对海洋重力测量对重力测量系统的要求,给出了一种捷联式海洋重力仪SAG-2M,论述了系统组成、工作原理、特点和数据处理流程。利用近期获得的某海域重力测量数据,评估了捷联式重力仪精度。测量结果表明,重复测线的重力异常曲线吻合度较高,交叉点不符值精度约为1.2mGal,满足海洋重力测量的指标要求。     

旋转爆震发动机喷管非定常流动特性的数值模拟研究

为分析旋转爆震喷管内非定常流动特性,基于特征线方法和旋转爆震燃烧室出口时均参数设计了一种塞式喷管模型,通过改变塞锥式喷管的进出口压比π(π=15,30,45),分析了喷管内非定常流场结构与喷管工作性能之间的相互关系,并探究了喷管进出口压比变化对喷管工作性能的影响.研究结果表明:旋转爆震燃烧室下游斜激波进入喷管后,在喷管...     

Optimal guidance and collision avoidance for docking with the rotating target spacecraft

The guidance and control strategy for spacecraft rendezvous and docking are of vital importance, especially for a chaser spacecraft docking with a rotating target spacecraft. Approach guidance for docking maneuver in planar is studied in this paper. Approach maneuver includes two processes: optimal energy approach and the following flying-around approach. Flying-around approach method is presented to maintain a fixed relative distance and attitude for chaser spacecraft docking with target spacecraft. Due to the disadvantage of energy consumption and initial velocity condition, optimal energy guidance is presented and can be used for providing an initial state of flying-around approach process. The analytical expression of optimal energy guidance is obtained based on the Pontryagin minimum principle which can be used in real time. A couple of solar panels on the target spacecraft are considered as obstacles during proximity maneuvers, so secure docking region is discussed. A two-phase optimal guidance method is adopted for collision avoidance with solar panels. Simulation demonstrates that the closed-loop optimal energy guidance satisfies the ending docking constraints, avoids collision with time-varying rotating target, and provides the initial velocity conditions of flying-around approach maneuver. Flying-around approach maneuver can maintain fixed relative position and attitude for docking.     

Aeroelastic simulation of the first 1.5-stage aeroengine fan at rotating stall

A massive parallel aeroelastic simulation platform has been built to investigate the first 1.5-stage fan of an aeroengine at rotating stall. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver and Computational Structural Dynamics (CSD) solver are coupled directly by non-matching mesh interfaces. The unsteady rotor/stator interaction is solved by the Sliding Mesh Interface method. The original rotor blades are shrouded by the midspan shrouds. An unshrouded fan is also created to investigate the effects of the midspan shrouds. Both the shrouded fan and unshrouded fan have stable aeroelasticity at the designed state. At rotating stall, the stalled region rotates at 30% of the rotor speed on the absolute reference frame. The energy spectrum of the rotating stalled flow is measured quantitatively. It shows that the first two order excitations are much stronger than the higher order excitations. In the flow of rotating stall, the fifth backward travelling wave mode of shrouded fan is resonated by the fifth excitation of the rotational stalled flow because the rotational speed of the stalled region coincides with the modal rotational speed, while for the unshrouded fan, the first bending mode is resonated by the second excitation of the rotational stalled flow, forming two waves in the circumference of the annulus blades. At rotating stall, the vibration of the shrouded blades is still under control but the vibration of the unshrouded blades is diverged and out of control. A novel tool, i.e., resonance map, is proposed to predict the resonance. It provides a perspective to explain the effects of midspan shrouds at a theoretical level, and it would also be helpful in the structural design of blades.