固体火箭发动机材料现状和前景展望

介绍当今导弹和航天用固体火箭发动机主要构件燃烧室绝热壳体和喷管材料应用现状,讨论了该领域金属材料、聚合物基复合材料、碳基和陶瓷基复合材料的技术发展趋势和应用前景。     

Experimental Investigation on Performance of Pulse Detonation Rocket Engine Model

The PDRE test model used in these experiments utilized kerosene as the fuel, oxygen as oxidizer, and nitrogen as purge gas. The solenoid valves were employed to control intermittent supplies of kerosene, oxygen and purge gas. PDRE test model was 50 mm in inner diameter by 1.2 m long. The DDT （deflagration to detonation transition） enhancement device Shchelkin spiral was used in the test model. The effects of detonation frequency on its time-averaged thrust and specific impulse were experimentally investigated. The obtained results showes that the time-averaged thrust of PDRE test model was approximately proportional to the detonation frequency. For the detonation frequency 20 Hz, the time-averaged thrust was around 107 N, and the specific impulse was around 125 s. The nozzle experiments were conducted using PDRE test model with three traditional nozzles. The experimental results obtained demonstrated that all of those nozzles could augment the thrust and specific impulse. Among those three nozzles, the convergent nozzle had the largest increased augmentation, which was approximately 18%, under the specific condition of the experiment.     

Optimization and Sizing for Propulsion System of Liquid Rocket Using Genetic Algorithm

Flight vehicle conceptual design appears to be a promising area for application of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) as an approach to help to automate part of the design process. This computational research effort strives to develop a propulsion system design strategy for liquid rocket to optimize take-off mass, satisfying the mission range under the constraint of axial overload. The method by which this process is accomplished by using GA as optimizer is outlined in this paper. Convergence of GA is improved by introducing initial population based on Design of Experiments Technique.     

火箭发动机性能可靠性的Bayes分析

基于液体火箭发动机性能试验数据服从正态分布的条件 ,假定天地试验环境下分布的标准差不变 ,运用Bayes方法对正态分布天地试验条件下的环境因子进行分析。首先给出环境因子先验分布选择的方法 ;然后由Bayes公式结合少量的空间试验数据 ,得出环境因子的Bayes估计模型 ,最后给出空间试验条件下性能可靠性的分析方法 ,文中用实例说明了该方法的有效性。     

地面效应对火箭橇发动机尾喷管流场特性的影响研究

摘要：基于火箭撬地面试验的需要，设计了大载荷高加速的短轨火箭橇动力系统，并对地面效应对火箭发动机尾喷管流场的影响进行了理论和试验研究。文中采用FLUENT计算软件对不同条件下的火箭发动机尾喷管外流场进行了三维数值仿真，分析了单枚火箭以及双枚火箭工作时，地面效应对发动机尾喷管流场特性的影响。针对本文研究的大载荷高加速的短轨火箭撬动力系统，地面效应的影响和双尾喷管之间的相互作用都是在1.5ms时开始显现，在2ms~3ms时比较明显，在5ms~20ms开始减小，最后形成稳定的尾部流场。对于喷管出口直径275mm、轴线距离地面不小于472mm和双喷管轴线距离不小于680mm的火箭橇动力系统，在火箭橇运动起来20ms之后，地面效应影响和双火箭发动机之间相互作用变得非常小。     

燃气轮机燃烧室中的管路设计

燃气轮机燃烧室中的管路主要用于供油、引气和测试等,其重要性往往易被忽视,而成为故障易发部位。为了提高燃气轮机燃烧室管路部件的可靠性,从实际应用出发,分析总结了燃烧室的管路设计中需要考虑的管路材料、直径以及壁厚的选择,形状的确定,相配件的热膨胀协调、卡箍与支架的设计,振频及动应力计算与测试,焊接方式的选择与工艺控制,后期校形控制等主要因素。通过对以上各设计细节的控制,可以从根本上解决管路易出现的各种问题,降低燃烧室管路故障发生的概率。     

Variation of the orbital elements for parabolic trajectories due to a small impulse using Gauss equations

Firstly we derive Gauss’ perturbation equation for parabolic motion using Murray–Dermott and Kovalevsky procedures. Secondly, we easily deduce the variations of the orbital elements for the parabolic trajectories due to a small impulse at any point along the path and at the vertex of the parabola.     

管道清洁生产的特点和实施意义

本文介绍了石油管道施工的特点,对管道施工中的主要清洁生产问题做了阐述,指出能否更好的解决施工与环境保护之间的关系,最大限度的降低施工给环境带来的负面影响,已经成为一个管道施工企业综合竞争力的表现,是管道施工企业生长发展,可持续进步的重要前提,也是企业社会责任的充分体现。     

固体运载火箭弹道设计与优化

本文针对采用固体火箭发动机卫星的陆基多级固体运载火箭弹道进行了详细的阐述，提出了适合固体运载火箭弹道计算和弹道优化的方法，该方法适用于方案论证和初步弹道计算。     

火箭煤油热裂解研究

为了探究火箭煤油热裂解过程以及抗氧化剂对热裂解过程的影响,通过火箭煤油静态热裂解实验研究了火箭煤油在683K～713K条件下裂解转化率、裂解产气率、气相产物组成随温度和时间的变化规律。同时,对比了加入1wt%抗氧化剂邻甲基对苯二酚(THQ)的火箭煤油热裂解行为,发现THQ对火箭煤油热裂解有明显抑制作用。683K～713K下,火箭煤油添加1wt%THQ前后的裂解活化能分别为150.0kJ/mol和210.5kJ/mol,并获得了相应的Arrhenius热裂解方程。对比发现我国火箭煤油裂解速率常数小于美国RP-1,RP-2火箭煤油。