推力器故障的刚体航天器自适应变结构容错控制

 针对刚体航天器存在未知惯量参数、推力器故障以及控制受限的姿态控制问题,提出了一类自适应变结构容错控制方法,显式地引入推力器输出的饱和幅值,以确保控制输出在其要求界的范围内;同时,引入控制参数在线自适应调整技术,提高了控制律对参数、干扰以及故障变化的自适应能力;对设计者而言,推力器故障信息不需要进行在线检测和分离。此外,进一步考虑存在推力偏差对系统性能的影响,设计控制器参数使得闭环系统对这类推力偏差具有L₂增益稳定性。最后,将设计的控制器应用于航天器的姿态机动控制,仿真结果表明该控制器能有效地抑制外部干扰、参数不确定性和推力器各种故障的约束,在完成姿态机动的同时,保证其控制输出满足饱和受限界的要求。     

激光寻距器作可见物体测量

提出一种能从一幅图象中测出物体三维信息的激光寻距器,介绍了它的结构,并据此讨论了从二维图象到三维图象的变换算法和从表面到物体的识别方法。激光寻距器用于引导机器人焊接,证明可见物体的测量是成功的。     

应用机器人自动铺丝技术成型卫星反射器面板

采用自动铺丝技术成型卫星反射器面板,通过机器人平台进行自动铺丝试验。根据反射器面板抛物线方程特性,采用等距偏移方法规划铺丝轨迹;通过分析自动铺放过程中铺放压力、铺放覆盖完整性以及铺放平整性对轨迹规划的要求,确定铺放压力为0.2 MPa、铺放丝束为4丝束。同时对机器人连杆机构及参数进行分析,基于CATIA软件DMU模块对铺丝轨迹进行仿真,并在26℃、16 mm/s铺放速度下通过自动铺放试验验证了反射器面板自动铺丝工艺成型的可行性。     

考虑承载面最大位移约束的结构拓扑优化方法

在实际工程问题中,存在着一类承受分布力载荷作用的工程结构。为了实现此类结构的刚度设计要求,提出限制承载面变形的拓扑优化设计新模型。模型采用KS包络函数对承载面节点位移进行凝聚化处理,并推导了相应的伴随方程和敏度表达式。遵循独立连续映射法建模方式,采用一阶和二阶泰勒展开分别得到约束函数和目标函数的显式表达式。由此将优化问题转换为一系列标准二次规划子问题,采用序列二次规划算法进行高效、稳健求解。通过二维、三维数值算例验证了提出模型的可行性和有效性。结果表明,所提出的列式和相应的优化求解算法能有效控制结构局部区域的最大变形量。     

基于机器人视觉的银网焊点定位技术研究

铅锌电池制作工艺过程中的银网焊接工序不仅存在肉眼识别不准确、出错率高的问题,而且劳动强度大、效率低。针对此工艺,提出一种基于机器人视觉的自动化焊点定位方法。系统以机器人搭载自动化焊接设备对焊点精确定位并焊接,采用畸变校正和机器人手眼标定完成了图像坐标系到机器人坐标系之间位置的精确变换,并运用Blob分析粗定位和基于形状的模板匹配精定位相结合的算法,有效地解决了噪声干扰、非线性光照干扰及银网变形引起的识别定位障碍,达到焊点识别定位精度高、生产效率高的目标。     

一种基于约束规则的航天器全相位交会对接程序规划方法

针对载人航天领域交会对接过程,设计了一种基于约束规则的程序规划方法,将飞行程序按照相关性划分为飞控事件,将事件约束与时间或圈次解耦,形成适用全相位交会对接的规划配置体系,通过一套配置实现各正常、应急分支程序的规划生成,相比传统基于时序的程序设计方法,提高配置的适应性,提高程序设计效率,为后续交会对接程序规划设计提供参考。     

考虑跟踪性能约束的近空间飞行器控制器设计

针对一类可变后掠角的近空间飞行器(NSV)指令跟踪问题，考虑其受到外界扰动及参数不确定的影响，同时考虑系统的跟踪性能约束及姿态角速度约束，提出了一种基于模糊系统的切换控制器设计方法，确保系统在扰动影响以及给定约束下能够对给定信号进行稳定跟踪。建立了包含未知扰动及不确定项的近空间飞行器非线性切换模型；通过设计模糊系统对系统所受的总干扰进行实时估计，并基于反步法进行了切换控制器设计，在控制器中对干扰进行补偿；通过公共Barrier Lyapunov方法对系统稳定性及动态性能进行了分析。数值仿真算例校验了所提出方法的有效性及优越性。     

Adaptive fuzzy neural network control for a space manipulator in the presence of output constraints and input nonlinearities

Space manipulator is considered as one of the most promising technologies for future space activities owing to its important role in various on-orbit serving missions. In this paper, a novel adaptive fuzzy neural network (FNN) control scheme is proposed for the trajectory tracking control of an attitude-controlled free-flying space manipulator in the presence of output constraints and input nonlinearities. The parametric uncertainties and external disturbances are also taken into the consideration. First, a model-based controller is designed by using the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) to prevent the position tracking errors from violating the predefined output constraints. Then, an adaptive FNN controller is designed by using two FNNs to compensate for the lumped uncertainties and input nonlinearities, respectively. Rigorous theoretical analysis for the semiglobal uniform ultimate boundedness of the whole closed-loop system is provided. The proposed adaptive FNN controller can guarantee the position and velocity tracking errors converge to the small neighborhoods about zero, while ensuring the position tracking errors within the output constraints even in the presence of input nonlinearities. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are relatively few existing controllers can achieve such excellent control performance in the same conditions. Numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme.     

Constrained adaptive fault-tolerant attitude tracking control of rigid spacecraft

A saturated fault-tolerant attitude tracking controller for disturbed rigid spacecraft is derived using nonlinear state feedback control method. The proposed controller achieves the constraints of control inputs by directly using the bounded function instead of the traditional saturation compensator technique, and the active tolerance to the partial loss of actuator effectiveness is also achieved by directly using the known bounds of the actuator faults in the controller. Specifically, compared with the traditional saturated control methods, a continuously bounded nonlinear function in the proposed controller is used to guarantee that the actuator outputs are smoothly bounded under the prescribed constraints. Based on some properties of the attitude tracking dynamics, the proposed controller can ensure the attitude tracking errors converge to small neighborhoods of zero via stability analysis in the Lyapunov framework. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the control scheme.     

Optimal three-dimensional impact time guidance with seeker’s field-of-view constraint

This paper proposes a new three-dimensional optimal guidance law for impact time control with seeker’s Field-of-View (FOV) constraint to intercept a stationary target. The proposed guidance law is devised in conjunction with the concept of biased Proportional Navigation Guidance (PNG). The guidance law developed leverages a nonlinear function to ensure the boundedness of velocity lead angle to cater to the seeker’s FOV limit. It is proven that the impact time error is nullified in a finite-time under the proposed method. Additionally, the optimality of the biased command is theoretically analyzed. Numerical simulations confirm the superiority of the proposed method and validate the analytic findings.