Highly efficient computation method for hazard quantification of uncontained rotor failure

Uncontained Engine Rotor Failure (UERF) can cause a catastrophic failure of an aircraft, and the quantitative assessment of the hazards related to UERF is a very important part of safety analysis. However, the procedure for hazard quantification of UERF recommended by the Federal Aviation Administration in advisory circular AC20-128A is cumbersome, as it involves building auxiliary lines and curve projections. To improve the efficiency and general applicability of the risk angle calculation, a boundary discretization method is developed that involves discretizing the geometry of the target part/structure into node points and calculating the risk angles numerically by iterating a particular algorithm over each node point. The improved efficiency and excellent accuracy for the developed algorithm was validated through a comparison with manual solutions for the hazard quantification of the engine nacelle structures of a passenger aircraft using the guidance in AC20-128A. To further demonstrate the applicability of the boundary discretization method, the proposed algorithm was used to examine the influence of the target size and the distance between the target and rotor on the hazard probability.     

The ratio of hazardous meteoroids to orbital debris in near-Earth space

Orbital debris is known to pose a substantial threat to Earth-orbiting spacecraft at certain altitudes. For instance, the orbital debris flux near Sun-synchronous altitudes of 600–800 km is particularly high due in part to the 2007 Fengyun-1C anti-satellite test and the 2009 Iridium-Kosmos collision. At other altitudes, however, the orbital debris population is minimal and the primary impactor population is not man-made debris particles but naturally occurring meteoroids. While the spacecraft community has some awareness of the risk posed by debris, there is a common misconception that orbital debris impacts dominate the risk at all locations. In this paper, we present a damage-limited comparison between meteoroids and orbital debris near the Earth for a range of orbital altitude and inclination, using NASA’s latest models for each environment. Overall, orbital debris dominates the impact risk between altitudes of 600 and 1300 km, while meteoroids dominate below 270 km and above 4800 km.     

Procedure and methodologies for managing the risk of space object reentry

This paper proposes a procedure for managing the risk of reentering space objects and risk assessment methodologies used for the process. The proposed procedure comprises three phases encompassing the whole reentry stages of space objects. Mathematical models for assessing the impact risk of the reentering space objects by utilizing the information available during different risk management phases and the recommended risk analysis results for public communication are presented. The concept of the conditional casualty expectation is proposed as the metric representing the reentry risk and the method to compute its profile is introduced. A case study on the risk management procedure with the dataset on an actual reentry event is conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed procedure.     

现代企业财务管理模式初探

企业是社会经济的细胞，资金是企业的血液，而财务则是企业的灵魂，是现代企业制度下企业管理的核心。传统财务管理目标缺乏一定的科学性，观念落后的财务管理制度难以适应新经济的要求。本文探讨了现代企业制度下的财务管理模式。     

航天器微流星体及空间碎片环境与风险分析

微流星体及空间碎片的高速撞击威胁着长寿命、大尺寸航天器的安全运行 ,导致其严重的损伤和灾难性的失效。文章对低地球轨道微流星体及空间碎片环境进行了分析 ,给出了微流星体及空间碎片对航天器威胁方向的确定方法 ,得到了空间碎片撞击航天器相对撞击角的概率分布以及地球对微流星体遮挡的影响。编制了风险分析软件 ,以采用单防护屏防护结构的柱状低地球轨道航天器为例进行风险分析。     

航天系统快速风险分析法

风险分析是大型工程,特别是具有高风险的航天系统可行性研究、案论证和方案评审等的主要内容之一。已经开发的对费用、进度、性能进行综合风险分析的计算机软件,如GERT,VERT,RISNET,SLAM 等,要求分析人员经过专门的培训,且工作量大,使用不便。文章给出了等风险轮廓线法、风险参数法和概率事件分析法三种快速、简便的风险分析方法,适合于一般工程技术人员,特别是管理人员在实际工作中应用。     

测试与校准实验室保密监督检查实践

根据新版保密资格标准中的保密检查要求,基于风险管理思想提出以风险分析为基础,以风险控制为核心的保密监督检查体系,形成基于主要风险的保密监督检查金字塔模型和各类保密检查的设计方法,指导测试与校准实验室保密监督检查工作的开展。     

高可靠性工程中合理地使用COTS元器件

在高可靠性工程中应用COTS(Commercial Off-The-Shelf)元器件具有一定的风险性,在实际应用中应在元器件封装特性、参数特性、筛选使用、用户鉴定和线路设计等方面使其风险降至最小。文章通过实例作了重点介绍,并指出要根据具体情况选择评价方案、制定判据。     

一种面向飞机制造和维护的质量风险识别与评估方法

各飞机制造厂一直在努力减少飞机制造与使用维护过程中的质量安全事件。单纯使用生产制造阶段的过程故障模式影响分析（PFMEA）方法进行质量风险识别与评估时,存在分析不包含飞机使用维护过程、失效模式识别率和准确性不高、建议措施不完善等问题。提出质量风险识别与评估方法,将制造过程PFMEA 范围拓展到使用、维护过程,并以设计故障模式影响分析（DFMEA）作为PFMEA 的输入,以扩大分析范围,改善失效模式的识别率和准确性;使用树形分析图方法对风险控制措施进行覆盖性和重复性分析,获得完整、最简措施集。使用该方法对某液压系统一根液压泵循环散热导管进行分析,结果表明：本文提出的方法可以更全面、更准确地分析飞机制造与使用维护过程中的质量风险,获得更为优化的质量风险控制措施集合。     

Impact risk analysis for a spacecraft in Cosmo-Skymed orbit

This paper presents a case study of Micrometeoroids and Orbital Debris risk assessment for a spacecraft flying in an orbit close to that of the Italian Cosmo-Skymed constellation. The aim of the analysis was to calculate the failure flux impinging on the satellite external shell, taking into account both geometry and materials of satellite surfaces. Furthermore the analysis included the evaluation of the contribution to debris population at the selected orbit of the fragments produced by a Chinese Anti-SATellite experiment, which caused the catastrophic break-up of the satellite Fengyun 1C in January 2007.