在不同地形条件下的地形辅助导航系统定位精度评估

如何选择合适的地形是卡尔曼连续修正的地形辅助导航系统在实际应用中遇到的难题。本文首先建立系统仿真模型，然后利用ＡＲＣ／ＩＮＦＯ地理信息系统软件进行地形分析。在此基础上，通过大量的计算机仿真试验，对卡尔曼连续修正的地形辅助导航系统在不同地形条件下的定位精度进行了评估。评估结果为系统在实际应用中的地形选择提供了依据。     

直线度误差目标函数凸凹性的研究

证明了直线度误差最小区域评定法的目标函数是一维欧式空间R1中的连续、不可微的凸函数 ,从而证明了目标函数的全局极小值是唯一的。     

Operant responding following exposure to HZE particles and its relationship to particle energy and linear energy transfer

On exploratory class missions astronauts will be exposed to a variety of heavy particles (HZE particles) which differ in terms of particle energy and particle linear energy transfer. The present experiments were designed to evaluate how these physical characteristics of different particles affect cognitive performance, specifically operant responding. Following exposure to ²⁸Si, ⁴⁸Ti, ¹²C and ¹⁶O particles at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory rats were tested for their ability to respond appropriately to changes in reinforcement schedules using an operant task. The results showed that the effectiveness of different particles in disrupting cognitive performance, defined as the lowest dose that produced a performance decrement, varied as a function of the energy of the specific particle: for comparisons between different energies of the same particle (e.g., ⁵⁶Fe) the effectiveness of the particle was directly proportional to particle linear energy transfer, whereas for comparisons between different particles (e.g., ⁵⁶Fe and ¹⁶O) effectiveness was inversely proportional to particle linear energy transfer. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms that influence the effectiveness of different particles and energies and in terms of their implications for analyzing the possible risks to astronauts of decrements in cognitive performance following exposure to HZE particles on long-duration exploratory class missions.     

Manned missions to Mars: Minimizing risks of failure

Some major risks-of-failure issues for the future manned missions to Mars are discussed, with an objective to address criteria for making such missions possible, successful, safe and cost-effective. The following astronautical and instrumentation-and-equipment-reliability related aspects of the missions are considered: redundancies and backup strategies; costs; assessed probability of failure as a suitable reliability criterion for the instrumentation (equipment); probabilistic assessment of the likelihood of the mission success and safety. It is concluded that parametric risk modeling is a must for a risk-driven decision-making process.     

空间实验室的风险识别与控制方法

以天宫一号空间实验室风险识别与控制技术需求为牵引，对风险识别与控制方法的分阶段应用提出建议。针对空间实验室的重要风险和组合体特性，提出了的相对风险识别法和降级重构风险控制法，从相对风险的角度对空间实验室重大风险进行识别，在天宫一号无法对组合体实施控制时，用载人飞船接替天宫一号对空间实验室组合体进行控制。规避了风险识别结果波动过大的问题，在不增加设备冗余和其它舱段的前提下降低了系统风险。     

我国中小企业的融资困境及促进政策

中小企业发展问题在中国得到了前所未有的关注和重视。但由于中国当前的体制、机制和政策等因素制约,中小企业发展面临着许多企业自身难以克服的经济、制度以及法律等方面的矛盾和问题。在这些难题中,融资问题更是首当其冲,成为中小企业发展中最为关注的一个问题。     

Open framework for objective evaluation of crater detection algorithms with first test-field subsystem based on MOLA data

Crater Detection Algorithms (CDAs) applications range from estimation of lunar/planetary surface age to autonomous landing on planets and asteroids and advanced statistical analyses. A large amount of work on CDAs has already been published. However, problems arise when evaluation results of some new CDA have to be compared with already published evaluation results. The problem is that different authors use different test-fields, different Ground-Truth (GT) catalogues, and even different methodologies for evaluation of their CDAs. Re-implementation of already published CDAs or its evaluation environment is a time-consuming and unpractical solution to this problem. In addition, implementation details are often insufficiently described in publications. As a result, there is a need in research community to develop a framework for objective evaluation of CDAs. A scientific question is how CDAs should be evaluated so that the results are easily and reliably comparable. In attempt to solve this issue we first analyzed previously published work on CDAs. In this paper, we propose a framework for solution of the problem of objective CDA evaluation. The framework includes: (1) a definition of the measure for differences between craters; (2) test-field topography based on the 1/64° MOLA data; (3) the GT catalogue wherein each of 17,582 craters is aligned with MOLA data and confirmed with catalogues by N.G. Barlow et al. and J.F. Rodionova et al.; (4) selection of methodology for training and testing; and (5) a Free-response Receiver Operating Characteristics (F-ROC) curves as a way to measure CDA performance. The handling of possible improvements of the framework in the future is additionally addressed as a part of discussion of results. Possible extensions with additional test-field subsystems based on visual images, data sets for other planets, evaluation methodologies for CDAs developed for different purposes than cataloguing of craters, are proposed as well. The goal of the proposed framework is to contribute to the research community by establishing guidelines for objective evaluation of CDAs.     

虚拟维修人体模型姿态舒适性评估库的设计与开发

通过分析常用人机系统标准和方法,提出了虚拟维修人体模型姿态舒适性评估库的内部结构和组成,并进行了评估库准则、评分细则和等级表示的设计.论述了基于DELMIA人机模块的应用开发框架,结合沉浸式虚拟现实环境下直升机的某一典型虚拟维修性活动,对虚拟维修人体模型姿态舒适性评估库设计与开发的效果进行了实例验证,并作了相应总结.     

论高新技术企业管理者的风险观

在强调企业管理者观念对企业经营活动的作用的基础上，本文指出高新技术企业管理者必须树立正确的风险观念，即时刻具有风险意识，系统认识企业风险，积极应对企业风险，建立风险管理组织，具有“冒风险”精神。     

通道间延迟时间差评价结果的不确定度

介绍了四参数正弦波最小二乘法评价通道间延迟时间差指标及不确定度分析和评价过程，同时给出了一个分析评价实例。该过程及结论可应用在对于测量标准进行相应指标的不确定度分析上，也可用于估计指标本身的不确定度。