用于转子系统的气膜密封阻尼结构稳态特性

针对航空发动机转子既转动又进动的运转情况,推导用于转子系统的带金属橡胶弹性外环的气膜密封阻尼结构(gas film seal damper,GFSD)雷诺方程.基于GFSD运动方程和位移协调关系,建立转子－气膜－金属橡胶三者之间的流固耦合关系,确定稳态压力场求解流程,并提出金属橡胶刚度的定量设计方法.采用有限差分法求解稳态压力场,研究GFSD工作参数和结构参数对稳态特性的影响,为GFSD结构参数设计提供参考,最后与直通式篦齿封严的泄漏量进行比较.结果表明:合理设计金属橡胶刚度能够使GFSD自适应地调节气膜间隙;在保证动压润滑的基础上,选取大长径比、小金属橡胶刚度和密封间隙能够使GFSD具有良好的稳态特性;GFSD的泄漏量远小于直通式篦齿封严,能够满足现代航空发动机中高进出口压比下的封严需要.      

Effect of the protrusion shape on gas ingestion of two sealing structures

The windage loss caused by protrusion in a rotor–stator cavity has been studied in detail, and there are abundant fitting formulas that have been summarized to calculate the moment coefficients. Some other theorists have emphasized its effect on the sealing efficiency, proposing that installation of protrusion could alleviate gas ingestion. However, the protrusion shape which is an influential factor on the sealing efficiency has not been focused in previous research. Using the experimental method of measuring CO₂ volume fraction, cavity pressure, and power consumption, we investigated the effects of several typical protrusion shapes on various parameters for two sealing structures, in order to obtain the optimal shape. Results showed that a variation of the protrusion shape had little impact on the static pressure, but the total pressure and the sealing efficiency increased in different degrees. Furthermore, even though the hexagon shape resulted in the highest sealing efficiency, we observed that the drop shape had the best overall performance in all of the eight models, which could result in higher efficiency of the turbine cavity. The combination of a radial seal structure and protrusion could improve sealing efficiency better.     

膜盒式机械密封设计研究

基于膜盒式机械密封理论与经验,研究了膜盒式机械密封密封材料、密封结构、密封性能、密封比压、泄漏量等之间的关系.基于ANSYS有限元软件平台面-面接触分析模块Contact Pressure,仿真分析和计算了膜盒式静环组件在过盈配合压装条件下端面块应力、应变场分布与变形量之间的关系,得出了膜盒式机械密封密封材料选择、结构、静环组件、密封性能参数设计准则.在该准则中端面块过盈量选取范围为0.16-0.18 mm之间.采用该设计准则设计的膜盒式机械密封已经用于某战略弹道导弹武器系统用液体火箭发动机之中,该发动机已经通过了地面热试车考核.     

U-E密封设计研究

基于ABAQUS平台建立了发动机燃气摇摆装置——推力室对接法兰处用U-E密封有限元模型,采用ABAQUS/Standard模块隐式算法求解了U-E密封与法兰副相接触时,UE密封环结构参数;主、副密封唇压缩量发生变化时,压缩量与密封环等效Mises应力、塑性应变和接触压强之间的关系等。由此得到了U-E密封材料选择准则与密封结构设计准则,采用该设计准则设计、制造的U-E密封通过了37.5 MPa液压强度和25 MPa高压气密试验。试验结果表明:U-E密封设计准则正确、合理、适用,密封性能满足使用要求。     

柔片式密封数值计算及性能分析

针对高速转子柔片式密封系统,建立了密封区域流场的数学模型,采用一种修正的压力耦合方程组的半隐式方法(Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations Revised, SIMPLER)算法和有限差分法对数学模型进行数值求解,构建了柔片式密封性能分析程序,得到密封系统的压力场分布、速度场分布及泄漏量等,研究了不同结构参数和工况参数对密封性能的影响.分析结果表明:泄漏量随密封压差的增大呈线性增长趋势,而随转子转速的增大略有减小;增加柔片宽度、减小柔片长度、减小前/背板-转子间距均对降低密封系统的泄漏量有益,而柔片安装角度的变化则对密封系统的泄漏量影响不明显.基于流场的结果,柔片和转子的动力学响应将被研究.      

28 MPa 压力级别O型密封圈主要设计参数分析

飞机液压系统依靠被密封的工作介质来传递力和速度,因此,系统密封性的好坏直接影响系统的效率和工作性能,严重时将导致系统不能工作。O型密封圈由于具有优越的密封性能、密封结构简单和拆装方便等优点,被广泛应用于液压系统密封装置中。O型密封圈的参数设计对密封装置的有效密封起到关键性作用。现行有效的HB/Z4-1995适用于21 MPa压力体制液压系统密封结构及密封件设计,以1S243和1S384为基础,对28 MPa压力体制液压系统密封结构及密封件的压缩率、拉伸率等主要参数进行计算,并给出推荐参数选择范围,可以给28 MPa压力体制液压系统密封结构及密封件设计提供依据。     

Reliability estimation of mechanical seals based on bivariate dependence analysis and considering model uncertainty

The reliability estimation of mechanical seals is of crucial importance due to their wide applications in pumps in various mechanical systems. Failure of mechanical seals might cause leakage, and might lead to system failure and other relevant consequences. In this study, the reliability estimation for mechanical seals based on bivariate dependence analysis and considering model uncertainty is proposed. The friction torque and leakage rate are two degradation performance indicators of mechanical seals that can be described by the Wiener process, Gamma process, and inverse Gaussian process. The dependence between the two indicators can be described by different copula functions. Then the model uncertainty is considered in the reliability estimation using the Bayesian Model Average (BMA) method, while the unknown parameters in the model are estimated by Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. A numerical simulation study and fatigue crack study are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the BMA method to capture model uncertainty. A degradation test of mechanical seals is conducted to verify the proposed model. The optimal stochastic process models for two performance indicators and copula function are determined based on the degradation data. The results show the necessity of using the BMA method in degradation modeling.     

Dynamic performance of a C/C composite finger seal in a tilting mode

The complex operating state of aeroengines has an impact on the performance of finger seals.However,little work has been focused on the issue and the dynamic performance of finger seals is also rarely studied.Therefore,a distributed mass equivalent model considering working conditions is proposed in this paper for solving the existing problems.The effects of the fiber bundle density and the preparation direction of the fiber bundle of a C/C composite on the dynamic performance of a finger seal are investigated in rotor tilt based on the proposed model.The difference between the C/C composite finger seal performances under the rotor precession and nutation tilt cases is also investigated.The results show that the fiber bundle density and the preparation direction of the fiber bundle have an influence on the dynamic performance of the finger seal as rotor tilt is considered,and the dynamic performance of the finger seal is different in the two kinds of tilting modes.In addition,a novel method for design of finger seals is presented based on the contact pressure between finger boots and the rotor.Finger seals with good leakage rates and low wear can be acquired in this method.     

冲击刮削法评价封严涂层的可磨耗性

利用研制成功的新型电子冲击刮削试验机可较好地模拟航空发动机叶片刮削封严涂层的工况,测试涂层冲击刮削载荷-位移曲线及刮削功等。用刮削单位体积涂层所消耗的功评价涂层的可磨耗性。对某类涂层随涂层硬度增加,刮削功上升并有一阈值,以此值可确定生产中检验硬度范围的上限。对于相近硬度的涂层在相同条件下,313类涂层的刮削功小,可磨耗性较好,601类次之,307类较差。300℃试验时,刮削功下降,但不同类型的涂层下降幅度不同。