粉末热挤压Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的制备工艺及组织性能研究

采用粉末热挤压法制备了一种Al-Zn-Mg-Cu超高强铝合金,研究了粉末粒度和挤压比对合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,400℃挤压时,粉末中位径D50=28.38μm和挤压比λ=25可使挤压合金获得最好的力学性能,挤压合金经过460℃/2.5h水淬+120℃/24h空冷(T6)处理后的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为731MPa,670MPa和6.2%;晶粒细化是挤压合金力学性能随粉末粒度减小而提高的原因;挤压比λ为9～25时,挤压合金力学性能随挤压比增大而提高;λ=36时,挤压合金力学性能降低的原因是MgZn2析出相粗大和发生完全动态再结晶。     

A method of determining effective elastic properties of honeycomb cores based on equal strain energy

A computational homogenization technique (CHT) based on the finite element method (FEM) is discussed to predict the effective elastic properties of honeycomb structures. The need of periodic boundary conditions (BCs) is revealed through the analysis for in-plane and out-of-plane shear moduli of models with different cell numbers. After applying periodic BCs on the represen-tative volume element (RVE), comparison between the volume-average stress method and the boundary stress method is performed, and a new method based on the equality of strain energy to obtain all non-zero components of the stiffness tensor is proposed. Results of finite element (FE) analysis show that the volume-average stress and the boundary stress keep a consistency over different cell geometries and forms. The strain energy method obtains values that differ from those of the volume-average method for non-diagonal terms in the stiffness matrix. Analysis has been done on numerical results for thin-wall honeycombs and different geometries of angles between oblique and vertical walls. The inaccuracy of the volume-average method in terms of the strain energy is shown by numerical benchmarks.     

纤维增强复合材料力学性能预测及试验验证

针对纤维均匀排布的单向纤维增强复合材料结构力学性能预测问题,基于复合材料细观力学有限元方法,研究建立了代表体积元(RVE)模型,并施加周期性边界条件,实现了纤维增强复合材料基本力学性能的预测。通过将应用上述RVE模型所获取的B/Al纤维增强复合材料力学性能预测结果与解析解和试验数据进行对比表明,施加周期性边界条件的RVE模型的力学性能预测结果与解析解和试验数据吻合良好,验证了所建立计算模型的有效性。基于单向连续纤维增强SiC/TC4复合材料板材的力学性能测试试验,获取了不同铺层方案结构的纵向/横向弹性模量和泊松比,得到的纵向/横向弹性模量计算值与各自试验值均值的误差均小于5%,表明弹性力学性能参数基本一致,计算模型具有合理性。      

基于曲面包络逼近原理的点啮合齿面整体设计方法

基于曲面活动标架理论,提出了点啮合齿面整体设计的曲面包络逼近方法:以第一齿面包络特征线为样条曲线,以第二齿面沿接触点迹线的齿面局部结构作为曲面插值条件,通过第一齿面运动不变量描述的运动变换,构造完全由第一齿面的运动不变量描述的第一齿面共轭运动空间作为第二齿面整体优化设计空间,确保齿面设计方法的可全局优化性和可加工性。根据点啮合齿面加载接触实验数据,以空载啮合时两齿面间隙作为预测和控制重载情况下的接触区形状和大小的设计目标参数,建立点啮合齿面整体优化设计的变分不等式模型。与以往点啮合齿面设计和齿面接触分析(TCA)方法相比,该齿面设计方法摆脱了以往齿面接触分析(TCA)中以特定机床加工参数作为齿面重构参数而给齿面优化设计带来的不必要的限制,能在满足预定的加载的啮合特性要求的同时,确保齿面能用盘铣刀通过多轴联动数控加工方法以展成法加工。仿真实例计算和分析表明:本齿面设计方法能形成完整的弧齿锥齿轮齿面,该齿面在满载啮合时,重合度达到2.122,传动误差幅值降低至0.063°,具有优良的加载啮合特性。      

基于VTPR方程计算N2/CF3I充填特性

采用比容平移法修正原始的Peng-Robinson状态（VTPR）方程,提高三氟碘甲烷（CF₃I）液相饱和区密度的计算精度。基于VTPR方程,结合经典的范德瓦尔混合规则,计算了N₂作为增压介质时,CF₃I充填1/2灭火瓶和2/3灭火瓶所需的N₂质量,并与试验值和文献值进行对比。结果表明,不同充填工况的计算值与试验值基本吻合,并且优于PROFISSY软件的结果。获得了充填压力分别为2.5 MPa和4.2 MPa、CF₃I不同充填密度下的总压力与温度的关系式,并计算了灭火剂热膨胀充满灭火瓶的临界温度和临界压力,该压力-温度关系式可用于以CF₃I为灭火剂的机载灭火系统工程设计。     

Effect of turbulence models on predicting convective heat transfer to hydrocarbon fuel at supercritical pressure

A variety of turbulence models were used to perform numerical simulations of heat transfer for hydrocarbon fuel flowing upward and downward through uniformly heated vertical pipes at supercritical pressure. Inlet temperatures varied from 373 K to 663 K, with heat flux rang-ing from 300 kW/m2 to 550 kW/m2. Comparative analyses between predicted and experimental results were used to evaluate the ability of turbulence models to respond to variable thermophys-ical properties of hydrocarbon fuel at supercritical pressure. It was found that the prediction per-formance of turbulence models is mainly determined by the damping function, which enables them to respond differently to local flow conditions. Although prediction accuracy for experimental results varied from condition to condition, the shear stress transport (SST) and launder and sharma models performed better than all other models used in the study. For very small buoyancy-influenced runs, the thermal-induced acceleration due to variations in density lead to the impairment of heat transfer occurring in the vicinity of pseudo-critical points, and heat transfer was enhanced at higher temperatures through the combined action of four thermophysical properties: density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and specific heat. For very large buoyancy-influenced runs, the thermal-induced acceleration effect was over predicted by the LS and AB models.     

激光熔覆制备TC4基复合药型罩材料的力学性能

为了提高TC4药型罩的侵彻性能,将激光熔覆制备工艺用于TC4复合药型罩材料的制备。选用TA15+30%(质量分数,下同)TiC粉、TA15+20%Cr_3C_2粉和TA15+15%B_4C粉作为TC4基体的熔覆材料。采用XRD、扫描电镜和显微硬度测试、准静态压缩实验、SHPB动态压缩实验以及3点弯曲实验方法,研究熔覆层与基体界面处微观形貌、熔覆层硬度变化情况以及3种复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:TC4基体与3种材料都能形成完全冶金结合,TC4-(TA15+TiC),TC4-(TA15+Cr_3C_2)和TC4-(TA15+B_4C)材料的强度均高于TC4基体材料,塑性略差;TC4-(TA15+TiC),TC4-(TA15+Cr_3C_2)材料的抗弯强度分别为168 MPa,101 MPa,均高于TC4基体材料的45 MPa。     

玻璃纤维增强铝合金层合板疲劳性能试验研究

纤维增强金属层板兼具复合材料和金属材料的优点,是理想的民机结构备选材料.本文对玻璃纤维增强铝合金层合板在不同应力比下裂纹萌生及疲劳裂纹扩展性能进行了试验、测试和分析,获得了不同应力比及应力幅值对疲劳裂纹萌生和疲劳裂纹扩展的影响规律,给出了纤维增强铝合金层合板(FML)在疲劳载荷作用下疲劳特性,对此类材料的设计及应用有一定参考价值.     

某种叉流板翅式热交换器动态性能的计算

对某型飞机上应用的一种叉流板翅式热交换器的动态性能进行了计算研究,分别用数值计算方法和参数集中方法进行了计算,给出了计算比较的结果.结果表明,这2种方法计算所得的结果很接近,但是参数集中法计算程序更为简结,适合用于系统模拟的情况.      

E-44环氧树脂体系流变特性研究

以GA327改性芳胺为固化剂,对应用于RTM工艺的E-44环氧树脂体系的流变特性进行了研究。在黏度实验和DSC热分析实验的基础上,依据双阿累尼乌斯方程建立了与实验数据较为吻合的流变模型。结果表明:E-44/GA327体系在60~85℃内黏度低于800mPa·s,且低黏度保持时间大于20min,在75~85℃内黏度低于300mPa·s的时间可达10min。所得到的模型可揭示树脂在不同工艺条件下的黏度变化规律,定量预报树脂的低黏度平台工艺窗口,为该树脂RTM工艺窗口的确定以及RTM工艺参数优化提供科学依据。