低雷诺数下进气道异常起动现象及其影响因素探析

结合激波风洞实验和数值模拟分析,对一种二元混压式进气道在实验中低单位雷诺数下反而呈现出自起动特征的异常现象进行了研究。根据激波风洞的反复实验观察,表明随着来流单位雷诺数的降低,在继进气道进入不起动状态之后又会重新出现自起动特征的异常起动现象。该结果与层流模型计算得到的流场结构相符,而与湍流模拟结果差异显著;分析表明,层流情况下,由于分离区向前体压缩面大范围地延伸,缓解了进气道入口的逆压梯度,从而在喉道处可以形成主体为超声速的通畅流道,而湍流情况下,进气道入口处激波/边界层干扰形成过分集中的分离泡则呈现明显的壅塞状态;尽管层流情况下进气道流场结构呈现出较为通畅的类似起动的特征,但其流量系数仍明显低于湍流的情况。因此,实验上所观察到的这种异常起动现象严格地说并不属于真正意义上的起动状态。     

基于变步长CFD/RBD方法的旋转弹轨迹仿真

采用变步长方法实现非定常Navier-Stokes方程和刚体六自由度运动方程的耦合求解,并对美国ARL旋转弹试验模型的飞行轨迹进行了仿真。旋转弹自由飞行过程中受到空气阻力作用,转速下降,气动力变化趋缓。因此轨迹仿真时先选取较小的时间步长,随着转速的下降逐渐增大步长,这样可以减少计算时间。刚体六自由度运动方程的数值求解采用变步长Adams预估校正法。将定步长和变步长两种方法应用于旋转弹实验模型轨迹仿真,并将计算得到的旋转弹空间位置、姿态角与试验结果进行了对比,结果显示:方法能较精确地仿真旋转弹飞行轨迹。在相同初始步长条件下,变步长方法较定步长方法计算时间减半;在相同计算时间条件下,变步长方法较定步长方法精度更高。     

Interaction of single-pulse laser energy with bow shock in hypersonic flow

Pressure sensing and schlieren imaging with high resolution and sensitivity are applied to the study of the interaction of single-pulse laser energy with bow shock at Mach 5. An Nd:YAG laser operated at 1.06 lm, 100 mJ pulse energy is used to break down the hypersonic flow in a shock tunnel. Three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations are solved with an upwind scheme to simulate the interaction. The pressure at the stagnation point on the blunt body is measured and calculated to examine the pressure variation during the interaction. Schlieren imaging is used in conjunction with the calculated density gradients to examine the process of the interaction. The results show that the experimental pressure at the stagnation point on the blunt body and schlieren imaging fit well with the simulation. The pressure at the stagnation point on the blunt body will increase when the transmission shock approaches the blunt body and decrease with the formation of the rarefied wave. Bow shock is deformed during the interaction. Quasi-stationary waves are formed by high rate laser energy deposition to control the bow shock. The pressure and temperature at the stagnation point on the blunt body and the wave drag are reduced to 50%, 75% and 81% respectively according to the simulation. Schlieren imaging has provided important information for the investigation of the mechanism of the interaction.     

基于兰彻斯特方程的战斗机超视距空战隐身效能分析

随着军事科技的进步,超视距空战逐步成为了现代与未来空战的主要战斗方式.而隐身技术作为提高战斗机空战能力的主要手段之一,正被各国所关注.本文通过分析基于影响图的兰彻斯特微分方程,对战斗机在超视距空战中的隐身效能进行了分析.最后给出算例,计算了不同RCS下的战斗机超视距空战交换比,从而分析了战斗机RCS对战场走势的影响.     

基于N-S方程的直升机旋翼翼型反设计方法

为了在实际旋翼翼型设计中考虑粘性影响,采用N-S方程为主控方程,建立了旋翼翼型流场求解方法。使用以Poisson方程为控制方程的网格生成程序生成围绕旋翼翼型的N-S粘性贴体网格,该网格生成程序能在反设计迭代过程中自动更新过渡翼型的粘性网格。在翼型流场计算及网格生成基础上,采用了MGM方程作为翼型反设计方程,建立了一套能够考虑粘性影响的直升机旋翼翼型的反设计方法。应用该方法,分别对二维NACA系列翼型、OA系列翼型、超临界翼型进行了反设计分析,获得了满足要求的二维旋翼翼型,并与目标值(压力分布、升力系数、阻力系数、力矩系数)吻合良好。     

Fundamentals of Design and Technology of Rolling Element Bearings

This article presents an overview of fundamentals of rolling element bearing designs and technologies. The aim is to outline the complex interrelation of all fundamentals with the rolling contact fatigue and the attainable bearing life. Such fundamentals include, amongst others, bearing stressing and life capability. The article shows the different types of rolling bearing stressing and the analysis of the stress distribution (principal stresses and equivalent stresses) in the material under the rolling contact area. It becomes obvious that the contamination of the bearing with foreign particles leads to a drastic reduction in bearing life. Furthermore, it demonstrates the impact of the bearing lubrication and coating as well as the effect of additives on the attainable life and wear. Further fundamentals of rolling element bearing design are the materials, the material cleanliness and the heat treatment. The article reveals the importance of the cleanliness of bearing steels as well as different types of inclusions and their effect on rolling contact fatigue. Additionally the article describes how to optimize the material properties (strength, toughness and residual stress) by the heat treatment processes. The outcome of these investigations is that endurance life of a rolling element bearing can be achieved if specific operating conditions, an adequate lubrication, good system cleanliness and specific bearing stressing are met. The article provides a guideline for bearing engineers on how designs and technologies can be applied to optimizing a bearing for a particular industry or aerospace application.     

Excitation of electrostatic plasma waves by a moving charged source in a quantum plasma

Within a quantum hydrodynamic model and using the reductive perturbation technique, the nonlinear ion-acoustic wave (IAW) excitations due to a moving charged object in an electron-pair-ion quantum plasma are studied both analytically and numerically. In such quantum plasmas we have derived forced Korteweg-de Vries (fKdV) type equation for finite amplitude nonlinear IAWs. The effect of relevant plasma parameters on solitonic excitations is investigated. Numerical simulation shows the generation of advancing solitons ahead of the forcing term traveling at a faster rate with trailing wakes behind the forcing disturbance. It is found that propagation characteristics of nonlinear excitations are significantly affected by quantum parameter. Additionally, we have pursued our analysis by extending it to account for arbitrary amplitude IA solitons, and derived a system of nonlinear differential equations which are analyzed numerically to study the dynamics. Nonlinear analysis predicts the existence of periodic and quasiperiodic nature of the nonlinear system and reveals that the transition from quasiperiodic to periodic behavior occurs due to the variation of quantum diffraction.     

纤维增强复合材料币状I型裂纹桥联问题

利用平面等效方法，将轴对称币状裂纹问题转化平面裂纹问题，由此给出复合材料内币状Ⅰ型裂纹的桥联积分控制方程。对权函数法应用于求解币状裂纹问题的可行性提出质疑，并给出修正的建议。然后对币状Ⅰ型裂纹桥联问题给予了断裂力学分析。利用一种新的分段插值方法求解了桥联积分控制方程。针对该积分程提出了一种近似分析解法，其结果与数值结果符合得相当好。     

用微分法推导拉压静不定变形谐调方程

材料力学中，解决桥架拉压静不定问题时，推导变形谐调方程是其关键，以往都是用图解法近似导出变形谐调方程，本文作者提出用微分法导出普遍适用的变形谐调方程：△ｌ１＋△ｌ２＝２△３ｃｏｓα。     

Boussinesq方程的Backlund变换及相似约化

将简便而又直接的齐次平衡法推广应用到求Boussinesq方程的Backlund变换,精确孤子解和相似约化.这种方法可以普遍应用.