自动着舰的控制构型研究

在参考美军自动着舰系统(ACLS)的基础上,研究工程上最合适的ACLS控制构型。首先,分析了垂直速度指令和俯仰角指令在轨迹控制本质上的不同点和相同点;然后,将上述两种指令控制结构与两种动力补偿系统(速度保持APCS和迎角保持APCS)一对一组合成4种控制构型,仿真比较了这4种构型在指令响应、风扰抑制上的性能差异,分析了其物理原因。结果表明,H·指令加迎角保持APCS的控制构型对飞机纵向控制更有利,特别是对轨迹、高度要求严格的着舰任务。这与美军的实际试飞结论相同。     

全转速系数矩阵降维重构的燃机不平衡量逆推方法

整机动平衡可大幅提高燃气涡轮发动机动平衡效率，但由于全转速范围内整机系统动力特性复杂，且结构的特殊性仅能够在机匣外表面测振，传统动平衡方法难以实现整机动平衡。为此，考虑全转速区间整机系统结构振动特性及分布式不平衡量的影响，通过仿真或试验获得全转速范围内各测点振动响应与各叶盘不平衡量间的响应系数矩阵，建立等效不平衡量逆推方程组。依据不平衡位置-转速-测点振动间的敏感性关系对全转速系数矩阵进行降维重构，获得优选配平位置、测点及转速的重构方程组，求得转子配平位置的等效不平衡量。典型双转子燃气涡轮发动机整机系统数值仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。研究结果对实现燃气涡轮发动机整机动平衡具有一定的参考应用价值。     

空天飞行器整体式救生座舱的稳定减速与分离特性数值模拟

整体式密闭救生座舱方案将座椅与驾驶舱进行整体设计，弹射后具有独立的气动型面，在包含亚声速、跨声速、超声速甚至高超声速等非常宽广的速度范围可以更好地保护飞行员免受高速气流的吹袭，是空天飞行器救生系统设计的重要途径之一。针对整体式救生座舱，首先开展基本静态气动性能数值模拟评估；之后采用一种刚性减速伞增稳方案（整体式座舱+减速伞）对其稳定性和减速效率进行改进；最后采用动态重叠网格方法，对整体式座舱+减速伞构型的近机弹射轨迹特性开展动态数值模拟计算，从而获得该构型在抛投过程中的稳定性和安全性。研究结果表明，单独整体式救生座舱难以具备静稳定性；减速伞方案可大幅改善座舱的稳定性能，使座舱在Ma=0.3~4.0范围内均具有静、动态稳定性，并呈现亚声速时随马赫数升高而增强、超声速时随马赫数升高而减弱的变化规律，且高马赫数（Ma=4.0）工况可通过降低飞行高度以增加动压的方式进一步提升座舱的动稳定性；在宽速域范围内，整体式座舱+减速伞构型经过弹射力和火箭推力的辅助作用，能够实现与机体的安全分离，并且分离后其俯仰振荡姿态均具有收敛特性。     

发动机滑油消耗率监控的精益管理

应用精益管理的方法,利用大数据管理技术,分析和改进发动机滑油消耗率的监控方式。     

Experimental study on combustion characteristics of Chinese RP-3 kerosene

In order to illustrate the combustion characteristics of RP-3 kerosene which is widely used in Chinese aero-engines, the combustion characteristics of RP-3 kerosene were experimentally investigated in a constant volume combustion chamber. The experiments were performed at four different pressures of 0.1 MPa, 0.3 MPa, 0.5 MPa and 0.7 MPa, and three different temperatures of 390 K,420 K and 450 K, and over the equivalence ratio range of 0.6–1.6. Furthermore, the laminar combustion speeds of a surrogate fuel for RP-3 kerosene were simulated under certain conditions. The results show that increasing the initial temperature or decreasing the initial pressure causes an increase in the laminar combustion speed of RP-3 kerosene. With the equivalence ratio increasing from 0.6 to 1.6, the laminar combustion speed increases initially and then decreases gradually.The highest laminar combustion speed is measured under fuel rich condition(the equivalence ratio is 1.2). At the same time, the Markstein length shows the same changing trend as the laminar combustion speed with modification of the initial pressure. Increasing the initial pressure will increase the instability of the flame front, which is established by decreased Markstein length. However, different from the effects of the initial temperature and equivalence ratio on the laminar combustion speed,increasing the equivalence ratio will lead to a decrease in the Markstein length and the stability of the flame front, and the effect of the initial temperature on the Markstein length is unclear. Furthermore, the simulated laminar combustion speeds of the surrogate fuel agree with the corresponding experimental datas of RP-3 kerosene within 10% deviation under certain conditions.     

Modeling satellite drag coefficients with response surfaces

Satellite drag coefficients are a major source of uncertainty in predicting the drag force on satellites in low Earth orbit. Among other things, accurately predicting the orbit requires detailed knowledge of the satellite drag coefficient. Computational methods are an important tool in computing the drag coefficient but are too intensive for real-time and predictive applications. Therefore, analytic or empirical models that can accurately predict drag coefficients are desired. This work uses response surfaces to model drag coefficients. The response surface methodology is validated by developing a response surface model for the drag coefficient of a sphere where the closed-form solution is known. The response surface model performs well in predicting the drag coefficient of a sphere with a root mean square percentage error less than 0.3% over the entire parameter space. For more complex geometries, such as the GRACE satellite, the Hubble Space Telescope, and the International Space Station, the model errors are only slightly larger at about 0.9%, 0.6%, and 1.0%, respectively.     

下一代直升机技术发展方向研究

技术的发展以需求为牵引和导向,本文从直升机划代出发,概括得出下一代直升机的典型特征、能力需求及其技术发展的3大方向,即高速、绿色和智能化.     

气流展纤工艺中不同压差和送丝速度对碳纤维展宽的影响

为探究气流展纤工艺中不同出口压差和送丝速度对碳纤维丝束展宽效果的影响,依据Venturi原理,搭建气流展纤试验平台,并记录大丝束碳纤维展宽过程,计算不同工艺参数下碳纤维丝束在不同阶段的展宽率和展宽均匀程度。研究结果表明：通过搭建的气流展纤试验台,能获得展宽率高于400%,展宽均匀程度在90%以上的碳纤维丝束,得到的碳纤维丝束的展宽率与出口压差呈正相关,与送丝速度呈负相关;碳纤维丝束的展宽均匀程度与出口压差呈负相关,与送丝速度呈正相关。     

超临界二氧化碳涡轮发电机振动试验

搭建20 kW超临界二氧化碳涡轮发电试验系统,开展涡轮发电机轴系临界转速数值仿真研究,对比分析空心轴与实心轴的前4阶临界转速与振型,并计算涡轮的前4阶模态频率。开展转速与负载对轴系振动特性影响的试验研究,采用频谱图分析转速0~48 000 r/min、负载0~20 kW下涡轮端与自由端壳体加速度振动响应。计算与试验结果表明:文中空心转子的临界转速高于实心转子的临界转速,有涡轮转子的临界转速低于无涡轮转子的临界转速。随着负荷从0 kW增加到15 kW,转子工频振动逐渐减小,但出现幅值较低的倍频振动;在转速区域11 000~40 000 r/min,不同功率下驱动端的振动响应低于自由端的振动响应,在转速48 000 r/min时,不同功率下驱动端的振动响应均高于自由端的振动响应。      

进近雷达管制调速问题研究

对进近雷达管制中的调速问题进行了较全面的讨论。首先介绍了国际民航组织和中国在这方面的具体规定;详述了指示空速和真空速的对应关系;最后根据多年的雷达管制教学经验,提出了一些具体的调速方法和注意事项。