两种前体压缩方式对斜爆震燃烧影响的数值研究

为推动工程应用,探究斜爆震发动机前体压缩程度对斜爆震燃烧的影响,建立了两道等强激波和斜激波-等熵两种前体压缩简化模型,通过数值模拟对比了飞行马赫数8～10条件下,两种压缩方式对斜爆震波结构以及斜爆震波总压损失的影响.结果表明,前体压缩方式的差异会引起斜爆震波起爆区结构以及起爆位置的变化,且随着飞行马赫数降低,压缩方式对...     

内绝热层材料结炭层强度的表征方法

利用改装的厚度计测试结炭层的针入深度,以此来表征材料结炭层的强度,分别考察了测试次数、圆锥针半顶角大小、测试区域和加载负荷对针入深度的影响,发现当测试次数为5次、圆锥针的半顶角为15°、测试区域为距烧蚀中心3 mm的圆形区域内、加载负荷为600~800 g时,所测针入深度数据分散性小、准确度高,能充分反映结炭层的强度。同时,结合不同芳纶用量时材料结炭层的针入深度和材料烧蚀速率分析,发现利用平均针入深度表征结炭层的强度,可科学地考察绝热层材料的耐烧蚀、抗冲蚀性能。     

预烧结对反应烧结多孔氮化硅陶瓷性能的影响

研究了预烧结对反应烧结多孔氮化硅陶瓷的介电性能和力学性能的影响。通过添加30wt%的成孔剂颗粒,制备出孔隙率在55%左右的具有宏观球形孔的多孔氮化硅陶瓷。反应烧结前,在低于硅熔点的温度下,对多孔硅坯体进行不同温度和不同时间的预烧。结果表明,随着预烧结温度的增高和时间的加长,反应烧结后烧结体的强度明显提高,介电常数ε′和介电损耗tanδ都有小幅度的增加。在硅粉中添加5wt%Y2O3 5wt%Al2O3进行预烧,可以减小反应烧结后试样的ε′,并且随预烧结时间的增加而减小。     

K640合金TLP连接接头组织及力学性能

为考察瞬时液相(TLP)连接方法对钴基高温合金K640合金的适用性,采用非晶态中间层进行连接试验,观察接头区显微组织,测试接头的力学性能并进行断口分析。结果表明:瞬时液相连接能够实现K640合金的良好结合,接头组织致密,成分均匀,组织与成分均与母材接近;接头高温拉伸强度达到等条件下母材强度74%,断口具有明显的韧窝形貌;高温持久强度达到等条件下母材强度的70%以上。     

LD2合金中温钎焊接头组织与拉伸性能

采用制备的一种新型中温铝基钎料箔(熔点513~529℃),在530~550℃对LD2铝合金进行真空钎焊试验。测试钎焊接头的室温抗拉性能,采用扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱仪(DES)对钎焊接头组织和断口形貌进行观察分析。试验结果表明,制备的钎料可用于LD2铝合金的真空钎焊,在优化工艺规范下可获得致密的接头,焊后经热处理,钎焊接头平均室温抗拉强度可达300MPa,断口是以典型韧窝为特征的塑性断口。     

浅谈民用大飞机结构技术的发展

 在分析了世界上先进的大型民机发展和研究计划后,分析和总结了大型民用飞机结构技术发展的总体趋势。介绍了用于先进大型飞机中选材、结构设计、先进的制造技术、机构强度分析、防雷击技术的现状和趋势。结论是复合材料将代替金属结构,而金属结构的设计、制造也将随之发展,以解决采用复合材料带来的新挑战;先进的数字化结构设计和仿真正代替传统的图纸设计。相应的分析和仿真工具如CFD等将应用到数字化设计中,在新型飞机设计中,将大大减少试验并改善质量;一些新概念的结构将广泛应用到飞机结构中,如智能材料结构在机翼上的应用,以改善空气动力、飞机的气动弹性控制和结构的健康监控。     

Machining deformation of single-sided component based on finishing allowance optimization

Owing to reliability and high strength-to-weight ratio, large thin-walled components are widely used in the aviation and aerospace industry. Due to the complex features and sequence involved in the machining process of large thin-walled components, machining deformation of component is easy to exceed the specification. In order to address the problem, it is important to retain the appropriate finishing allowance. To find the overall machining deformation, finishing allowance-induced deformation (web finishing allowance, sidewall finishing allowance) and initial residual stress-induced deformation were considered as major factors. Meanwhile, machined surface residual stress-induced deformation, clamping stress-induced deformation, thermal deformation, gravity-induced deformation and inertial force-induced deformation were neglected in the optimization model. Six-peak Gaussian function was introduced to fit the initial residual stress. Based upon the obtained function of initial residual stress, a deformation prediction model between initial residual stress and finishing allowance was established to attain the finishing allowance-induced deformation. In addition, linear programming optimization model based on the simplex algorithm was developed to optimize the overall machining deformation. Results have concluded that the overall machining deformation reached the minimum value when sidewall finishing allowance and web finishing allowance varied between 1 and 2 mm. Additionally, web finishing allowance-induced deformation and sidewall finishing allowance-induced deformation were 1.05 mm and 0.7 mm. Furthermore, the machining deformation decreased to 0.3–0.38 mm with the application of optimized finishing allowance allocation strategy, which made 39–56% reduction of the overall machining deformation compared to that in conventional method.     

腈纶/芳纶共混短纤维用量对柔性绝热层材料性能的影响

比较了腈纶短纤维增强EPDM／NBR共混橡胶（EN体系）、芳纶短纤维增强EPDM／NBR共混橡胶（EA体系）、腈纶／芳纶混杂短纤维增强EPDM／NBR共混橡胶（ENA体系）等3种体系中,短纤维用量对材料不同方向上力学性能的影响;EA和ENA两种不同体系中,短纤维用量对材料烧蚀性能和相对密度的影响。在短纤维用量为6份时,ENA体系的拉伸强度和伸长率比EA体系大,烧蚀性能比EA体系好,相对密度也比EA体系低。     

Characterisation of residual ionospheric errors in bending angles using GNSS RO end-to-end simulations

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) is an innovative meteorological remote sensing technique for measuring atmospheric parameters such as refractivity, temperature, water vapour and pressure for the improvement of numerical weather prediction (NWP) and global climate monitoring (GCM). GNSS RO has many unique characteristics including global coverage, long-term stability of observations, as well as high accuracy and high vertical resolution of the derived atmospheric profiles. One of the main error sources in GNSS RO observations that significantly affect the accuracy of the derived atmospheric parameters in the stratosphere is the ionospheric error. In order to mitigate the effect of this error, the linear ionospheric correction approach for dual-frequency GNSS RO observations is commonly used. However, the residual ionospheric errors (RIEs) can be still significant, especially when large ionospheric disturbances occur and prevail such as during the periods of active space weather. In this study, the RIEs were investigated under different local time, propagation direction and solar activity conditions and their effects on RO bending angles are characterised using end-to-end simulations. A three-step simulation study was designed to investigate the characteristics of the RIEs through comparing the bending angles with and without the effects of the RIEs. This research forms an important step forward in improving the accuracy of the atmospheric profiles derived from the GNSS RO technique.     

SCC investigation of low alloy ultra-high strength steel 30CrMnSiNi2A in 3.5wt%NaCl solution by slow strain rate technique

To evaluate stress corrosion cracking(SCC) mechanism of low alloy ultra-high strength steel 30CrMnSiNi2 A in environment containing NaCl, SCC behavior of the steel in 3.5wt% NaCl solution is investigated by slow strain rate technique(SSRT) with various strain rates and applied potentials, surface analysis technique, and electrochemical measurements. SCC susceptibility of the steel increases rapidly with strain rate decreasing from 1 · 10 5s 1to 5 · 10 7s 1, and becomes stable when strain rate is lower than 5 · 10 7s 1. SCC propagation of the steel in the solution at open circuit potential(OCP) needs sufficient hydrogen which is supplied at a certain strain rate.Fracture surface at OCP has similar characteristics with that at cathodic polarization 1000 mVSCE, which presents characteristic fractography of hydrogen induced cracking(HIC).All of these indicate that SCC behavior of the steel in the solution at OCP is mainly controlled by HIC rather than anodic dissolution(AD).