卫星遥感与海洋地质调查

中国迫切需要应用航天工业的新技术、新方法 ,特别是应用卫星遥感技术进行海洋国土资源调查 ,研究和发射可以不断获取海洋地质调查新资料的遥感卫星已成为当务之急。     

CBERS-1卫星CCD相机像元实地分辨能力的测量及辐射特性浅析

利用CBERS - 1卫星数据、大比例尺航片和经过几何精纠正的高分辨率卫星图像进行测量、检验 ,阐述CCD相机像元实地分辨能力的测量原理和测量结果 ,并浅析其遥感图像的辐射特性     

一种适合于遥感图像的逐行扫描压缩算法

在ChristosChrysafis基于逐行小波变换编码的基础上,提出了一种低复杂性基于逐行扫描的图像压缩算法。该算法不需要对图像分块,在对小波系数进行均匀量化之后,根据不同子带的上下文统计特征进行概率建模,采用改进的低复杂性Golomb Rice算法进行熵编码。试验表明,采用这种算法,在对大幅面图像压缩时存储器需求远小于基于SPIHT等算法的存储器需求的同时,其熵编码复杂性也大幅降低,特别适合于功率和空间受限的遥感图像压缩系统中。     

星载主动光学遥感技术现状

激光雷达具有重要的军事应用价值和民用价值,主要应用于军事侦察、军事气象、航天器交会对接和地球科学研究方面。文章简述激光雷达的研究历史,从地球科学应用角度阐述激光雷达技术现状。     

航天微波辐射计

介绍六种形式的航天微波辐射计的工作原理和各种技术参数，并给出相应的方框图，阐述各种形式的微波辐射计的灵敏度和噪声温度的计算方法，比较这些微波辐射计的优缺点及其适用的场合。     

法国遥感卫星SPOT数据1A级预处理技术

航天遥感原始数据的预处理是建立地面数据应用工程运行系统的关键技术之一。在１Ａ级预处理中，需要解决处理任务组织和系统环境支持问题，需要完成数据回放、相对辐射校正、景地理坐标计算作业，这些问题的解决方法对遥感数据处理技术具有一定普遍意义。本文还介绍了一种数据预处理系统。     

Bayesian approach to retrieval of vertical ozone profile from radiometry data

A technique for retrieving vertical distributions (profiles) of atmospheric gas constituents from data of passive remote sensing of the atmosphere is proposed. The goal of the technique based on the statistical (Bayesian) approach to solution of inverse problems is construction of probability distribution for a sought quantity throughout the interval of the studied heights. It is assumed that initial data contain measurement noise, and a priori information about properties of the profile is used. It is proposed to approximate the sought profile by a function in the form of an artificial neural network. This approximation allows optimal inclusion of a priori information into retrieval procedure, thus ensuring the most effective regularization of the problem. Efficiency of the proposed technique is demonstrated on an example of retrieval of vertical ozone profile from data of ground-based sounding of the atmosphere in the millimeter wavelength range. Results of profile retrieval from model data and from spectra of radiation temperature of the atmosphere measured in the Apatity (67° N, 33° E) in the winter of 2002–2003 are presented.     

Physical assessment of coastal vulnerability under enhanced land subsidence in Semarang,Indonesia, using multi-sensor satellite data

Research has been conducted in Semarang, Indonesia, to assess coastal vulnerability under enhanced land subsidence using multi-sensor satellite data, including the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band SAR (PALSAR), Landsat TM, IKONOS, and TOPEX/Poseidon. A coastal vulnerability index (CVI) was constructed to estimate the level of vulnerability of a coastline approximately 48.68?km in length using seven physical variables, namely, land subsidence, relative sea level change, coastal geomorphology, coastal slope, shoreline change, mean tidal range, and significant wave height. A comparison was also performed between a CVI calculated using seven parameters and a CVI using six parameters, the latter of which excludes the land subsidence parameter, to determine the effects of land subsidence during the coastal vulnerability assessment. This study showed that the accuracy of coastal vulnerability was increased 40% by adding the land subsidence factor (i.e., CVI 6 parameters?=?53%, CVI 7 parameters?=?93%). Moreover, Kappa coefficient indicated very good agreement (0.90) for CVI 7 parameters and fair agreement (0.3) for CVI 6 parameters. The results indicate that the area of very high vulnerability increased by 7% when land subsidence was added. Hence, using the CVI calculation including land subsidence parameters, the very high vulnerability area is determined to be 20% of the total coastline or 9.7?km of the total 48.7?km of coastline. This study proved that land subsidence has significant influence on coastal vulnerability in Semarang.     

Digisonde observations of TIDs with frequency and angular sounding technique

A technique for studying ionospheric wavelike phenomena, primarily AGW/TID events, is developed based on the solution of the problem of radio wave propagation in ionospheric plasma disturbed by wavelike processes. A perfectly reflecting surface model is used for representing TIDs propagating at ionospheric heights. This technique is a generalization of the Frequency-and-Angular Sounding (FAS) method developed earlier for oblique TID diagnostics using transmitters of opportunity. Trial measurements were made in November 2003 with two DPS-4 systems at Millstone Hill Observatory, providing experimental validation of the developed method by comparing the results of disturbance diagnostics to those simultaneously obtained with the original (oblique) FAS method. The TID parameters recovered during the November 2003 campaign suggest that the observed disturbances predominately propagated equatorward which likely indicates their sources to be in the auroral region. The equatorward propagating AGW/TIDs are typical for disturbed geomagnetic conditions which were observed during the campaign. Implementation of the generalized FAS technique in the DPS sounder allowed development of a dedicated data acquisition system for ionospheric disturbance diagnostics. Routine measurements with the developed technique using the existing world-wide network of Digisondes (GIRO) will make it possible to conduct large-scale studies of the AGW/TID phenomena.     

Experiment for mapping land cover and it’s change in southeastern Sri Lanka utilizing 250 m resolution MODIS imageries

Utilizing freely available MODIS NDVI and Natural color imageries of 250 m spatial resolution produced by NASA, an experiment was made to map land-cover and its change with an emphasis on vegetation cover in southeastern Sri Lanka, which plays a vital role for control of green house gas. For the change detection purpose, 1987 land cover map made by present authors from Landsat MSS image and extensive ground truth survey data was used as the base map. The result of the experiment shows that MODIS data are useful to make a land cover map of 250 m spatial resolution for tropical areas with high cloud coverage like Sri Lanka. It was found that the forest cover decrease amounted as large as 21% in 19 years time span in southeastern Sri Lanka, the prominent forest region of the country. On the other hand homestead/vegetation and mixed vegetation/scrub dominant categories increased by 13.7% and 7.1%, respectively. These changes are considered due to a large clearance of forest areas for agriculture and building houses to accommodate increasing inhabitants.