Multivariate bootstrapped relative positioning of spacecraft using GPS L1/Galileo E1 signals

GNSS-based precise relative positioning between spacecraft normally requires dual frequency observations, whereas attitude determination of the spacecraft, mainly due to the stronger model given by the a priori knowledge of the length and geometry of the baselines, can be performed precisely using only single frequency observations. When the Galileo signals will come available, the number of observations at the L1 frequency will increase as we will have a GPS and Galileo multi-constellation. Moreover the L1 observations of the Galileo system and modernized GPS are more precise than legacy GPS and this, combined with the increased number of observations, will result in a stronger model for single frequency relative positioning. In this contribution we will develop an even stronger model by combining the attitude determination problem with relative positioning. The attitude determination problem will be solved by the recently developed Multivariate Constrained (MC-) LAMBDA method. We will do this for each spacecraft and use the outcome for an ambiguity constrained solution on the baseline between the spacecraft. In this way the solution for the unconstrained baseline is bootstrapped from the MC-LAMBDA solutions of each spacecraft in what is called: multivariate bootstrapped relative positioning. The developed approach will be compared in simulations with relative positioning using a single antenna at each spacecraft (standard LAMBDA) and a vectorial bootstrapping approach. In the simulations we will analyze single epoch, single frequency success rates as the most challenging application. The difference in performance for the approaches for single epoch solutions, is a good indication of the strength of the underlying models. As the multivariate bootstrapping approach has a stronger model by applying information on the geometry of the constrained baselines, for applications with large observation noise and limited number of observations this will result in a better performance compared to the vectorial bootstrapping approach. Compared with standard LAMBDA, it can reach a 59% higher success rate for ambiguity resolution. The higher success rate on the unconstrained baseline between the platforms comes without extra computational load as the constrained baseline(s) problem has to be solved for attitude determination and this information can be applied for relative positioning.     

访问多个特定相对位置的航天器轨道设计

在航天器轨道设计问题中,将惯性空间中经典的吉布斯三矢量定轨方法拓展到相对运动空间中,给出了一种相对运动条件下的三矢量定轨方法。针对已知轨道的目标航天器,以及二个或三个给定的空间相对位置,基于相对运动方程,提出了设计跟随航天器飞行轨道的数值方法。以轨道面共面或异面,以及目标航天器轨道形状为椭圆或圆,将问题分为四种情况进行约束条件和自由变量个数的分析讨论。对于自由变量个数多于约束方程的情况,额外给定周期重访约束,将各种情况下的特定相对位置访问问题转化为一至二维的非线性方程(组)求解问题。对一维方程求解采用分段黄金分割+割线法进行快速求解;对二维方程组通过网格法搜索迭代初值并通过牛顿迭代快速求解。进一步基于线性模型的解,采用微分修正方法求解了各情况下J2摄动模型下的结果。数值算例验证了提出方法的正确性及有效性。     

一种立方星编队重构多脉冲机动规划方法

针对立方星轨道机动能力约束,提出一种基于相对轨道根数动力学模型的多脉冲机动规划算法。对于相对轨道面内各分量之间的控制耦合问题,基于“先控制相对形状、后修正迹向距离”的策略,提出了满足速度增量约束的多脉冲机动规划算法;分析了近地轨道 J 2 摄动和大气阻力摄动对相对轨道的影响,并基于线性化的状态转移模型提出了迭代优化策略,以降低立方星在摄动影响下的轨道机动误差。仿真结果表明,所提出的多脉冲机动规划算法在不同任务条件下均可获得有效的机动规划,迭代优化策略可有效地提高终点位置的精度,在基于高精度轨道递推搭建的任务仿真中也验证了算法的有效性,可用于立方星编队构建和重构任务。     

Integrating BDS and GPS for precise relative orbit determination of LEO formation flying

Low-Earth-Orbit(LEO) formation-flying satellites have been widely applied in many kinds of space geodesy. Precise Relative Orbit Determination(PROD) is an essential prerequisite for the LEO formation-flying satellites to complete their mission in space. The contribution of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS) to the accuracy and reliability of PROD of LEO formation-flying satellites based on a Global Positioning System(GPS) is studied using a simulation method. Firstly, when BDS is added to GPS, the mean number of visible satellites increases from9.71 to 21.58. Secondly, the results show that the 3-Dimensional(3 D) accuracy of PROD, based on BDS-only, GPS-only and BDS + GPS, is 0.74 mm, 0.66 mm and 0.52 mm, respectively. When BDS co-works with GPS, the accuracy increases by 29.73%. Geostationary-Earth-Orbit(GEO) satellites and Inclined Geosynchronous-Orbit(IGSO) satellites are only distributed over the Asia-Pacific region; however, they could provide a global improvement to PROD. The difference in PROD results between the Asia-Pacific region and the non-Asia-Pacific region is not apparent. Furthermore, the value of the Ambiguity Dilution Of Precision(ADOP), based on BDS + GPS, decreases by 7.50% and 8.26%, respectively, compared with BDS-only and GPS-only. Finally, if the relative position between satellites is only a few kilometres, the effect of ephemeris errors on PROD could be ignored. However, for a several-hundred-kilometre separation of the LEO satellites, the SingleDifference(SD) ephemeris errors of GEO satellites would be on the order of centimetres. The experimental results show that when IGSO satellites and Medium-Earth-Orbit(MEO) satellites co-work with GEO satellites, the accuracy decreases by 17.02%.     

一种电感式位移传感器的电路系统设计

介绍了一种电感式位移传感器的电路系统.该系统以一片AD698芯片为信号调整电路的核心,将位移量输出信号转换为相应的直流电压值,并结合其它一系列电路模块实现了测头位移量测量.通过对测头的标定试验证明该系统精度高、线性测量范围大.     

Elliptical formation control based on relative orbit elements

A new set of relative orbit elements（ROEs）is used to derive a new elliptical formation flying model.In-plane and out-of-plane motions can be completely decoupled,which benefts elliptical formation design.The inverse transformation of the state transition matrix is derived to study the relative orbit control strategy.Impulsive feedback control laws are developed for both in-plane and out-of-plane relative motions.Control of in-plane and out-of-plane relative motions can be completely decoupled using the ROE-based feedback control law.A tangential impulsive control method is proposed to study the relationship of fuel consumption and maneuvering positions.An optimal analytical along-track impulsive control strategy is then derived.Different typical orbit maneuvers,including formation establishment,reconfguration,long-distance maneuvers,and formation keeping,are taken as examples to demonstrate the performance of the proposed control laws.The effects of relative measurement errors are also considered to validate the high accuracy of the proposed control method.     

1种满足控制计划要求的凸轮型面设计方法

针对液压机械控制装置要求按给定的稳态控制计划设计杠杆、凸轮、弹簧等结构性能参数的问题,采用了考虑离心飞重块工作在燃油中的浮力效应和液体离心力效应对离心飞重换算轴向离心力的修正方法,精确地计算了转速摆动活门的转速-弹簧位移关系的输入输出特性;利用转速给定装置凸轮杠杆机构的叠加特性解决了油门杆角度和发动机进口温度同时变化时相关的控制计划反映在指令弹簧上的位移计算问题;同时从刚架的运动特性规律中抽象出几何不变性,提出了1种按控制计划的不同要求对转速指令凸轮、慢车温度修正凸轮和大车温度修正凸轮进行设计的方法.设计的凸轮按其内在的输入输出特性关系通过各模块之间的信息传递关系以液压机械的控制方式实现了发动机所要求的复杂转速控制计划,对这一设计方法进行了对比验证,可满足设计要求,具有通用性.     

单通道红外防空导弹图像解耦方法研究

针对单通道防空导弹导引头图像的弹旋解耦问题，提出采用图像解析算法进行弹旋软解耦的方法，可以使弹旋解耦不依赖于通常采用的陀螺等硬件装置。通过建立导弹与目标相对运动空间模型和成像模型，得出了耦合和解耦构成可逆过程的结论，图像解析算法建立在互逆结论的基础上，将导弹旋转角速度的估计分为近似估计和精确补偿两个过程，并设计了角速度实时跟踪的解耦流程。仿真实验表明，图像解析算法进行弹旋解耦具有速度快，精度高等优点，其时延小于0．02s，误差小于0．005r／s，并有效的节约了解耦成本。     

分布式航天器相对轨道确定方法

根据航天器相对运动的C-W-Hill方程建立的动态模型,以及基于无线电测量方案建立的相对距离观测模型,提出了一种用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)确定分布式航天器相对轨道的方法。用STK、Matlab软件进行的仿真验证结果表明,该方法可确定分布式航天器相对位置和相对速度,所获解的精度较高。     

编队重构的双脉冲燃料最优控制

基于Hill方程导出了四种典型编队重构的双脉冲控制算法，并揭示了编队重构时具有如下性质：椭圆编队膨胀或收缩时，在燃料最优脉冲作用下伴随卫星期望的相对位置矢量与同一时刻不施加冲量时的相对位置矢量方向相同；不同膨胀系数时施加脉冲的时刻不变，最优的燃料消耗与膨胀变化量成正比；钟摆式编队膨胀时转移轨迹在参考轨道平面内是轴对称的。最后用仿真验证了算法的有效性。