Learning Routes from Visualizations for Indoor Wayfinding: Presentation Modes and Individual Differences

Abstract

Participants (N = 78) studied a visualization of a route through a complex building and walked that route in the real building without further assistance. Erroneous turns on the route as well as indicators of uncertainty such as hesitations were assessed. Three types of route visualizations were compared: (1) an allocentric, map-based visualization with the route indicated in floor maps, (2) an ordered sequence of pictures of decision points shown from the egocentric perspective, and (3) an animation showing a virtual walk of the route from the egocentric perspective. In addition to the experimental variation, gender differences, differences in visual-spatial abilities and differences in self-reported wayfinding strategies were considered as predictor variables. Wayfinding performance did not differ between allocentric (map) and egocentric (decision point pictures and animation) visualizations. However, wayfinding performance was better with animated than with static egocentric visualizations. Individual differences in the ability to encode visual-spatial information from the visualization played a critical role for route learning. Self-reported sense of direction related to egocentric wayfinding strategies also predicted wayfinding performance. Gender differences were attributable to differences in visual-spatial abilities and egocentric wayfinding strategies. Interactions between visualizations and individual differences were not found. It is concluded that animations of virtual walks are suitable to convey route information in complex buildings. Successful acquisition of route knowledge from maps is possible but might depend on the comprehensibility of the structure of the building.     

中国共产党人学习观研究述评

学习在多学科的共同探索和推进下,已成为当下的一个前沿和热门课题。由此,探究当前中国共产党人学习观研究中已取得的主要理论成果、薄弱环节、有待进一步创新之处,对于进一步深化对中国共产党人学习观的科学研究,构筑一个完整的中国共产党人学习观的科学体系具有重要意义。     

飞行员导航专家系统

论述一个飞行员导航专家系统方案。此系统包括二次通道：飞行员助理（ＰＡ）通道和飞行员助理学习（ＰＡＬ）通道。ＰＡ通道完成导航计算、形势判断和决策，通道还将显示出当前形势及给飞行员提出的建议。ＰＡＬ通道完成知识库（ＫＢ）的更新，包括：对飞行员完成的操作作出评价、综合归纳知识和规则以及知识库的修正更新。对系统所涉及的一些原则方法和算法进行了研究。     

基于卷积神经网络的航天复合材料缺陷智能检测

针对传统的缺陷图像识别处理方式存在着准确度与辨识度不足,且处理缺陷种类单一的问题,提出了一种基于Cascade R-CNN和Mask R-CNN的神经网络模型。首先,为了提高缺陷检测的可视化效果和检测准确度,在实例分割卷积网络Mask R-CNN的基础上,结合级联神经网络Cascade R-CNN结构,组合成了新的级联实例分割Cascade Mask R-CNN网络;其次,对组合而成的级联卷积神经网络进行了训练,将训练好的模型对复合材料缺陷图像进行了检测。实验结果表明:检测的平均准确度达到了91.5%,平均置信度达到了97.3%,达到了检测精度的要求。该研究成果可运用于航天复合材料缺陷识别。     

标准化学习管理系统的研究

针对现阶段低水平的学习管理系统重复开发、不同系统之间不能互操作,提出了可互操作的标准化学习管理系统的模型,并对各种不同类型数据信息进行XML绑定,实现不同系统之间的互操作。     

A method of predicting visual detectability of low-velocity impact damage in composite structures based on logistic regression model

This paper proposed a new method for quantitative assessment of visual detectability of damage based on logistic regression, using the Probability of Detection (POD) as a criterion. Experiments were performed to establish the massive hit/miss data of visual inspection. Authoritative investigations verified the reliability of the data. The prediction function concluded comprises more than one flaw size parameters, including the depth and diameter of the dents. The results show that the depth and diameter of the dents are pivotal for the evaluation of detectability; the type of detection, the detection distance, and the qualifications of personnel are critical external factors to be considered. This function, with an accuracy rate of nearly 85%, is capable of predicting the visual detection probability of impact damage under various detection environments, which will provide a reference for the damage tolerance design of composite materials and field maintenance in the Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) field.     

人工智能在气动设计中的应用与展望

在人工智能技术高速发展的浪潮下,智能化技术为空气动力学的研究提供了新的思路和手段。各国学者在人工智能与空气动力学设计的综合应用方面开展了诸多有益的探索与尝试。目前人工智能方法已被用于设计对象描述、数值求解、非线性映射等气动设计的关键环节中。实现了自适应设计参数探索、高效气动特征求解、快速数据降维与映射、智能优化等,提高了气动设计的速度、准确性、鲁棒性与全局性。概述了气动设计的发展现状、人工智能技术的研究现状以及机器学习在气动设计中的应用现状。展望了深度学习在气动设计上的应用前景。提出了以机器为核心根据优化阶段实时调整优化方案及走向的高度智能化气动设计概念——"机器设计"。强调了开展智能可诠释设计研究的重要性。     

Regression model for civil aero-engine gas path parameter deviation based on deep domain-adaptation with Res-BP neural network

The variations in gas path parameter deviations can fully reflect the healthy state of aero-engine gas path components and units; therefore, airlines usually take them as key parameters for monitoring the aero-engine gas path performance state and conducting fault diagnosis. In the past, the airlines could not obtain deviations autonomously. At present, a data-driven method based on an aero-engine dataset with a large sample size can be utilized to obtain the deviations. However, it is still difficult to utilize aero-engine datasets with small sample sizes to establish regression models for deviations based on deep neural networks. To obtain monitoring autonomy of each aero-engine model, it is crucial to transfer and reuse the relevant knowledge of deviation modelling learned from different aero-engine models. This paper adopts the Residual-Back Propagation Neural Network (Res-BPNN) to deeply extract high-level features and stacks multi-layer Multi-Kernel Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MK-MMD) adaptation layers to map the extracted high-level features to the Reproduce Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) for discrepancy measurement. To further reduce the distribution discrepancy of each aero-engine model, the method of maximizing domain-confusion loss based on an adversarial mechanism is introduced to make the features learned from different domains as close as possible, and then the learned features can be confused. Through the above methods, domain-invariant features can be extracted, and the optimal adaptation effect can be achieved. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by using cruise data from different civil aero-engine models and compared with other transfer learning algorithms.     

专科学生英语学习动机研究

学习动机与学生的学习态度、学习策略及学习成绩是紧密相关的.它直接制约着学习的积极性,极大地影响着学生的外语学习效果.本文介绍了对大学生英语学习动机研究的过程及其教学启示.     

人工智能气动特性预测技术在火箭子级落区控制项目的应用

发展了一种基于人工智能算法的气动特性预测技术,在开展部分工况风洞试验基础上,结合少量数值仿真结果,通过机器学习模型预测全部工况气动特性.该方法能够降低研制成本,缩短周期.先后解决了相关函数选择、模型超参数训练、数据检验和"人在回路"应用等关键算法与技术问题,应用于运载火箭子级栅格舵落区控制项目气动研制,获得了设计所需完...