Global empirical models of the density peak height and of the equivalent scale height for quiet conditions

Monthly average electron density profiles have been calculated from hourly electron density N(h) recorded in 26 digisonde stations distributed worldwide encompassing the time interval 1998–2006. The ionospheric electron density peak height of the F2 region, hmF2, and the effective scale height at the hmF2, Hm, deduced from average profiles have been analyzed to obtain the quiet-time behavior and have been analytically modeled by the spherical harmonic analysis (SH) technique using the modip latitude as the coordinate of the reference system. The coefficients of the SH models of hmF2 and Hm are bounded to the solar activity, and the temporal and seasonal variations are considered by Fourier expansion of the coefficients. The SH models provide a tool to predict hmF2 and Hm located anywhere in the range of latitudes between of 70°N and 70°S and at any time. The SH analytical model for hmF2 improves the fit to the observations by 10% in average compared to the IRI prediction, and it might improve the IRI prediction of hmF2 by more than 30% at high and low latitudes. The analytical model for Hm predicts the quiet behavior of the effective scale height with accuracy better than 15% in average which enables to obtain a good estimation of vertical profiles. These results could be useful to estimate information for the topside profile formulation.     

Accuracy and coverage of the modernized Polish Maritime differential GPS system

The DGPS navigation service augments The NAVSTAR Global Positioning System by providing localized pseudorange correction factors and ancillary information which are broadcast over selected marine reference stations. The DGPS service position and integrity information satisfy requirements in coastal navigation and hydrographic surveys. Polish Maritime DGPS system has been established in 1994 and modernized (in 2009) to meet the requirements set out in IMO resolution for a future GNSS, but also to preserve backward signal compatibility of user equipment. Having finalized installation of the new technology L1, L2 reference equipment performance tests were performed.     

基于参考航迹的地面测控站站址规划算法研究

当使用地面测控站接力手段对飞航式导弹进行测控时,就存在测控站的布站问题。结合地理信息系统GIS,建立一种基于参考航迹的测控站站址规划算法,可以为布站规划提供有效的计算机辅助手段。     

A study on Nighttime Winter Anomaly (NWA) and other related Mid-latitude Summer Nighttime Anomaly (MSNA) in the light of International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) – Model

The ionospheric Nighttime Winter Anomaly (NWA) is a feature observed in the Northern Hemisphere at the American and in the Southern Hemisphere at the Asian longitude sector under low solar activity conditions. Jakowski et al. (2015) analyzed ground-based GPS derived TEC and peak electron density data from radio occultation measurements on Formosat-3/COSMIC satellites and confirmed the persistence of the phenomenon. Further, they assumed that Mid-latitude Summer Nighttime Anomaly (MSNA) and related special anomalies such as the Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA) and the Okhotsk Sea Anomaly (OSA) are closely related to the NWA via enhanced wind-induced uplifting of the ionosphere. The aim of this paper is to study the factors causing these anomalies and also to investigate if these anomalies are re-produced by IRI. The results show that IRI model does include the NWA effect, though at a different longitude and could be improved for better predictions. The IRI-2016 model does show WSA in TEC but not in NmF2. Further, the IRI-2016 model could clearly predict the OSA both in NmF2 and TEC.     

ITRS/GCRS transformation: Uncertainty propagation analysis and short-term modelling of IAU 2006/2000A developments

A study of the uncertainty propagation in ITRS/GCRS transformation is presented in this work. General law of propagation of variances is applied to the ITRS/GCRS transformation matrix, deriving the analytical expressions to compute GCRS position uncertainty. This evaluation is based on EOP uncertainties provided by IERS long-term series and formal uncertainties of ITRS-compatible coordinates. Numerical results for the period 1998–2016 are shown and discussed for ITRS positions in different altitudes and latitudes, providing graphical and numerical insights of the mapping of EOP uncertainties to transformed coordinates.Eventually, an analysis of short-term evolution of the Celestial Intermediate Pole coordinates in the GCRS provided by the IAU2006/2000A precession-nutation model is carried out, in order to assess the feasibility to potentially broadcast these parameters in GNSS navigation message. This approach would facilitate the dissemination of terrestrial-celestial transformation parameters for real time users, given that polar motion and UT1-UTC are already foreseen in GPS interface specification. The results presented in this work confirm the feasibility of this idea.     

PWE3技术概述和参考模型

PWE3是IETF提出的一种基于IP或者MPLS分组交换网络传送仿真业务的技术。本文主要讨论PWE3的技术体系和各种参考模型,解释了PWE3体系中的常用术语,同时对各协议层的要素和功能作出了描述。     

改进堵孔法在主燃烧室上的试验研究

为了简化主燃烧室流量分配的试验方法,对传统堵孔法进行了改进,提出了一种采用参考压力损失与进口空气流量来建立流量特性曲线,之后通过求解线性方程组获得燃烧室流量分配比例的方法。通过在一扇形燃烧室上进行流量分配试验,验证了改进方法的可行性。研究结果表明:采用改进的堵孔法压力测点数最少为2个,能够有效减少试验测点和试验测量仪器的数量,不同测点位置测量获得的孔流量分配比例基本一致,在1%～4%参考压力损失范围内,不同参考压力损失对流量分配比例基本无影响,改进堵孔法测得的流量分配比例在试验参考压力损失范围内误差不超过4%。     

三轴平台快速自标定与自对准方法探讨

为了提高地地导弹的作战效能,探讨了适应机动发射导弹快速发射要求的三轴平台快速自标定与自对准技术。误差标定及补偿是提高惯性系统使用精度的重要手段,但标定的完善性与快速性之间存在矛盾。误差标定及方位对准采用导弹水平状态七位置一体化方案,在约13.6分钟内能自主对准并标定出平台二十一项系数。导弹水平状态标定与对准可以基本消除阵风干扰的影响,且陀螺仪标度因数与漂移的估计采用有参考力矩的零力矩法,保证了标定、对准的快速性与准确性。经仿真验证,测量时间为1分钟时,漂移率估计误差在0.003°/h以内,测量时间为2分钟时估计误差在0.001°/h以内。     

考虑机动系数的标准轨迹再入制导方法

针对再入过程中标准轨迹的实际长度需要通过多次更新或迭代求解的问题,提出了一种基于机动系数的通用再入轨迹设计方法。该方法将机动系数定义为真实轨迹长度与初始纵程之比,将再入过程中的机动性进行了量化,可以快速获得到达指定目标可行的轨迹长度;采用真实轨迹长度作为设计参考阻力加速度剖面的依据,避免了轨迹长度的迭代,简化了再入轨迹的生成流程;轨迹曲率问题采用动态航向偏差走廊的方法,控制终端航向偏差、剩余航程满足设计需求。设计轨迹跟踪控制器进行参考轨迹跟踪,完成再入制导。在机动系数区间内指定机动系数进行了数值仿真。仿真结果表明,所提出的标准轨迹制导方法能够快速生成满足路径及终端约束的标准轨迹,且轨迹跟踪效果良好,有较好的应用潜力。