RLV再入标准轨道制导与设计

将可重复使用运载器(RLV)再入轨道设计分为纵向轨道和侧向轨道设计两个过程:首先引入形状约束因子,在不进行轨道积分的情况下,在再入走廊内快速优化设计RLV再入飞行剖面;然后结合轨道跟踪控制,设计侧向方位误差走廊,快速生成满足末端能量管理(TAEM)接口和航程等要求的再入轨道。进一步提出修正标准飞行剖面参数的航程更新及制导方法,并采用RLV概念模型进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明这种RLV再入轨道设计方法能够快速生成再入标准轨道,相应的RLV再入制导方法可行,且具有较高的制导精度和可靠性,鲁棒性好。     

MIRKA小型再入返回舱

“米尔卡(MIRKA)”是德国研制的小型再入返回舱,将由俄罗斯“光子”号返回式卫星搭载发射。文中介绍了球形“米尔卡”再入返回舱的基本结构和工作特点。     

返回式卫星EXPRESS的再入技术试验

该文简略介绍日本返回式卫星EXPRESS的再入试验计划。     

车速台速度脉冲信号的处理方法研究

在简单介绍车速表检测的必要性以及车速表检测台分类基础上,讲解了霍尔元件测量速度脉冲的原理;结合实际应用中出现的问题,针对大量的试验数据结果进行分析研究后,得出一种科学合理的脉冲信号测量处理方法,使测量结果得到明显改善。     

Reliability and safety analysis of redundant vehicle management computer system

Redundant techniques are widely adopted in vehicle management computer （VMC） to ensure that VMC has high reliability and safety. At the same time, it makes VMC have special characteristics, e.g., failure correlation, event simultaneity, and failure self-recovery. Accordingly, the reliability and safety analysis to redundant VMC system （RVMCS） becomes more difficult. Aimed at the difficulties in RVMCS reliability modeling, this paper adopts generalized stochastic Petri nets to establish the reliability and safety models of RVMCS. Then this paper analyzes RVMCS oper- ating states and potential threats to flight control system. It is verified by simulation that the reli- ability of VMC is not the product of hardware reliability and software reliability, and the interactions between hardware and software faults can reduce the real reliability of VMC obviously. Furthermore, the failure undetected states and false alarming states inevitably exist in RVMCS due to the influences of limited fault monitoring coverage and false alarming probability of fault mon- itoring devices （FMD）. RVMCS operating in some failure undetected states will produce fatal threats to the safety of flight control system. RVMCS operating in some false alarming states will reduce utility of RVMCS obviously. The results abstracted in this paper can guide reliable VMC and efficient FMD designs. The methods adopted in this paper can also be used to analyze other intelligent systems＇ reliability.     

高超声速冲压发动机-飞行器计力体系讨论

从吸气式高超声速飞行器受力分析出发,讨论如何统计飞行器受力的问题,建议在研究中使用增量法。这种方法将冲压发动机冷、热工况产生的力(力矩)增量视为飞行器运动分析中所需的"发动机推力或拉力",这个力或力矩分别叠加在飞行器冷通气状态的力或力矩上。这样,就与传统的飞行器运动方程中的力建立了一一对应的关系,可最大限度地使用以往建立的数据获取方法、分析软件、实验技术体系,将给后续工作带来极大的便利。另外,使用此方法,实验容易获得高质量的数据,通过大量容易组织的冷态实验也可使数值模拟的准确度大大提高,使未来飞行器的运动分析结果更可信。在这个体系下,内流道的冷工况阻力(轴向力)是高超声速冲压发动机与飞行器一体化需考虑的重要问题,一方面飞行器总体任务设计需限定内流道冷阻范围,另一方面要使发动机在要求的冷阻范围内高效工作,后者是高超声速发动机研究面临的严峻挑战。     

经验Bayes岭估计在GINS车载试验工具误差辨识中的应用

在利用车载试验进行GINS工具误差辨识过程中,由于输入加速度很小使得系统存在严重的复共线性。应用传统的最小二乘方法会出现增大最小二乘估计量的方差、参数估计值不稳定、产生弃真错误等问题。本文引入经验Bayes岭估计方法来进行GINS车载试验工具误差辨识工作。仿真结果表明,和传统最小二乘方法相比,经验Bayes岭估计的辨识精度有所提高,并可克服系统存在的复共线性的影响。     

Optimal trajectory and downlink power control for multi-type UAV aerial base stations

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) enabled Aerial Base Stations (UABSs) have been studied widely in future communications. However, there are a series of challenges such as interference management, trajectory design and resource allocation in the scenarios of multi-UAV networks. Besides, different performances among UABSs increase complexity and bring many challenges. In this paper, the joint downlink transmission power control and trajectory design problem in multi-type UABSs communication network is investigated. In order to satisfy the signal to interference plus noise power ratio of users, each UABS needs to adjust its position and transmission power. Based on the interactions among multiple communication links, a non-cooperative Mean-Field-Type Game (MFTG) is proposed to model the joint optimization problem. Then, a Nash equilibrium solution is solved by two steps: first, the users in the given area are clustered to get the initial deployment of the UABSs; second, the Mean-Field Q (MFQ)-learning algorithm is proposed to solve the discrete MFTG problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the approach is verified through the simulations, which simplifies the solution process and effectively reduces the energy consumption of each UABS.     

一种新的烧蚀热响应算法在质量估算中的应用

针对预测飞行器再入过程中气动热流引发的烧蚀热响应导致热防护罩表层材料质量损耗的问题,研究了热防护罩的几何模型和烧蚀质量估算的方法,通过建立三自由度再入轨迹动力学方程,应用修正的牛顿流体理论计算气动系数,以及Detra-Kemp-Riddell和Tauber-Sutton理论计算驻点热流密度和热辐射,利用一维非线性热传导方程模拟了碳化材料的烧蚀过程,提出了基于Newton-Raphson和TDMA的烧蚀热响应算法估计飞行器热防护罩质量损耗的方法。通过分析,实现了再入全过程热防护材料烧蚀深度连续动态变化的预测,能够有效替代热平衡积分法,估算的烧蚀质量为优化热防护罩的几何模型和再入轨迹提供了参考依据。     

Highly reliable relative navigation for multi-UAV formation flight in urban environments

Formation flight of multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is expected to bring significant benefits to a wide range of applications. Accurate and reliable relative position information is a prerequisite to safely maintain a fairly close distance between UAVs and to achieve inner-system collision avoidance. However, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements are vulnerable to erroneous signals in urban canyons, which could potentially lead to catastrophic consequences. Accordingly, on the basis of performing relative positioning with double differenced pseudoranges, this paper develops an integrity monitoring framework to improve navigation integrity (a measure of reliability) in urban environments. On the one hand, this framework includes a fault detection and exclusion scheme to protect against measurement faults. To accommodate urban scenarios, spatial dependence in the faults are taken into consideration by this scheme. On the other hand, relative protection level is rigorously derived to describe the probabilistic error bound of the navigation output. This indicator can be used to evaluate collision risk and to warn collision danger in real time. The proposed algorithms are validated by both simulations and flight experiments. Simulation results quantitatively reveal the sensitivity of navigation performance to receiver configurations and environmental conditions. And experimental results suggest high efficiency and effectiveness of the new integrity monitoring framework.