GPS接收机基带信号处理模块的FPGA实现

论述在GPS接收机三个功能模块中基带信号处理模块的具体作用。利用FPGA技术的先进性和软件无线电技术的灵活性开发出具有自主知识产权的功能模块。介绍其设计实现,着重于伪码生成器和NCO的实现,同时给出相关的仿真结果。     

基于FPGA的串行RS+Viterbi级联译码器的设计与实现

提出了一种基于现场可编程逻辑阵列(FPGA)的RS码(255,223)级联卷积码(4,3,3)译码器及其实现,给出了系统结构。其中级联译码器均采用串行结构,减少了资源占用。卷积译码使用Viterbi算法,给出了其初始化网络、分支度量计算、加比选、累计度量储存、幸存路径储存和回溯等主要部分;RS译码采用欧几里德算法,给出了伴随式计算、错误位置和错误值多项式计算(钱搜索计算错误位置、福尼算法计算错误值)、模二和计算解码输出等关键部分。     

GPS软件接收机中载波相位测量的实现

GPS接收机载波相位测量的精度优于码相位测量,但却存在整周模糊度。利用码和载波相位测量的组合可以提高伪距的精度,进而改善接收机的定位性能。研究GPS软件接收机中载波相位测量的实现方法。通过处理实际采集的信号,分析码和载波相位测量组合方法的性能。实验结果表明,通过50 s的平滑,伪距误差可以减小到毫米量级。     

Analysis of the code and phase between-receiver inter-system biases of the overlapping frequencies for GPS/Galileo/BDS

The overlapping-frequency signals from different GNSS constellations are interoperable and can be integrated as one constellation in multi-GNSS positioning when inter-system bias (ISB) is properly disposed. The look-up table method for ISB calibration can enhance the model strength, maximize the number of integer-estimable ambiguities, and thus is preferred. However, the characteristics and magnitudes of the receiver code ISB and phase fractional ISB (F-ISB) are not well known and the wrong values of the biases can seriously degrade the positioning results. In this contribution, we first estimate the between-receiver code ISB and phase F-ISB of hundreds of the baselines up to around 25km in the European Permanent GNSS Network (EPN) and the Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) for the overlapping frequencies L1-E1 (L1), L5-E5a (L5) and E5b-B2b (L7). The data collected from 1st January 2016 to 1st January 2019. Second, the receiver-type and firmware-version combinations for the receivers of Trimble, Leica, Javad, Septentrio and NovAtel are carefully classified. Results show that the Septentrio receivers have consistent code and phase ISB values for the three overlapping frequencies i.e. only one value for each frequency and no receivers are different. The Leica, Trimble and Javad receivers have two or more ISB values for at least one of the three frequencies. A few receivers with biases to the groups are also found and listed. Third, the code ISB and phase F-ISB of the groups are adjusted by the least-squares method. The root mean square errors (RMSE) of the least square adjustment are 0.240 m, 0.250 m and 0.200 m for code of L1, L5 and L7 frequencies, respectively, and are 0.0009 m, 0.0015 m and 0.0031 m for phase of L1, L5 and L7 frequencies, respectively. Finally, the effects of code ISB errors on code positing are investigated with the zero-baseline MAT1_MATZ. The distance root mean square error (DRMS) of L1-E1 code positioning can be reduced by 48.2% with 5 GPS and Galileo satellites and the DRMS degrades quickly when the code ISB error is larger.     

The European Union draft Code of Conduct for outer space activities: An appraisal

The European Union draft Code of Conduct for outer space activities is one of the primary international initiatives, that are currently active, to enhance the safety, security and sustainability of outer space activities. Although the spirit underlying the instrument is commonly shared by space-faring countries, substantial disagreement exists among States as to some of its core provisions. This article proposes that the Code of Conduct should make a clear distinction between commercial activities and military activities, and adopt more balanced measures on the restriction of military activities in outer space.     

一种提高伪码跟踪精度的主峰锁定法

考虑BOC调制信号主峰锁定的不确定性以及采用DLL环的不足与缺陷,提出了一种提高 伪码跟踪精度的主峰锁定法。通过多峰去除处理达到了去除副载波的目的,从而去 除副峰引发的模糊性,恢复单峰值特性;通过变采样率处理,结合NVELP伪码跟 踪处理对提炼的主峰进行相位锁定。从有效性、信噪比容限角度进行仿真与评估 ,得出结论：主峰锁定法不但可以达到对BOC调制信号主峰提取及相位锁定的目的,而且可 以正确输出导航电文信息。
     

基于图象处理的QR码识别

随着智能手机技术的发展和二维码技术的推广,QR码的手机识别技术的应用越来越广泛.根据QR条码图像符号的特殊性,针对QR码识别过程中手机图像采集的实际情况,应用并改进多种图像处理的方法,用C语言实现了对QR条码的译码,取得了良好的效果.     

GPS P码直接捕获方法研究

介绍了GPS P码直接捕获方法的性能,详细论述扩展复制重叠法的原理和性能,从理论上证明扩展复制重叠法是目前技术条件下行之有效的GPS P码直接捕获方法,通过实例验证了理论的正确性。     

一种基于FFT的高动态扩频信号的快速捕获方法

在近地轨道 (LEO)航天器通信中 ,航天器的高动态使扩频信号存在多达几十kHz甚至上百kHz的多普勒频移。对于存在如此之大的多普勒频移的扩频信号 ,采用传统的捕获方法 ,整个捕获过程非常困难 ,捕获时间很长。文中提出一种应用于存在较大多普勒频移的环境中、利用FFT谱分析进行伪码捕获的方法 ,并对其捕获性能进行分析。结果表明 ,与传统相关检测方法相比 ,采用基于FFT的捕获方法能减少捕获时间 ,并节省硬件资源     

一种基于Bump-Jump的BOC(1，1)信号码跟踪方法

BOC调制方式使Galileo信号与传统GPS中的BPSK信号相比有着良好的抗多径和抗单频干扰特性,但由于其自相关函数的多峰值性,会带来跟踪误锁问题。文中以BOC(1,1)信号为例,详细介绍Bump-Jump跟踪算法的传统设计思想,并在此基础上提出一种新的利用鉴别器实现误锁判断的码跟踪方法,且在现有的Galileo软件仿真平台上进行验证。实验结果表明,方法能有效地减少误锁,使码跟踪环路正确地跟踪主峰。