大学生思想政治教育问题与对策

目前大学生思想政治教育工作在思想观念、管理体制和队伍建设等层面都存在着一定的问题，与《中共中央关于进一步加强和改进大学生思想政治教育的意见》提出的新思想、新观念、新任务不相适应。因此，要保证大学生思想政治教育工作与时俱进，就必须更新观念，以德为本，树立开放的思想政治工作系统观；改革管理体制，切实还思想政治工作的首要地位；加强大学思想政治工作队伍专业化建设。     

Indirect Radau pseudospectral method for the receding horizon control problem

To solve the receding horizon control (RHC) problem in an online manner, a novel numerical method called the indirect Radau pseudospectral method (IRPM) is proposed in this paper. Based on calculus of variations and the first-order necessary optimality condition, the RHC problem for linear time-varying (LTV) system is transformed into the two-point boundary value problem (TPBVP). The Radau pseudospectral approximation is employed to discretize the TPBVP into well-posed linear algebraic equations. The resulting linear algebraic equations are solved via a matrix partitioning approach afterwards to obtain the optimal feedback control law. For the nonlinear system, the linearization method or the quasi linearization method is employed to approximate the RHC problem with successive linear approximations. Subsequently, each linear problem is solved via the similar method which is used to solve the RHC problem for LTV system. Simulation results of three examples show that the IRPM is of high accuracy and of high compu-tation efficiency to solve the RHC problem and the stability of closed-loop systems is guaranteed.     

利用温度测量结果反演三维热传导问题中热源项的算法研究

利用表面温度测量来反演热传导问题中的热源项是一类典型的热传导逆问题，在采用有限体积法对三维稳态热传导问题进行数值求解的基础上，将该热传导逆问题转化为优化问题，基于灵敏度分析建立了反演算法。采用该算法对一典型算例的计算结果表明：建立的算法是有效的，具有较好的抗噪性能。此外，对反演算法中计算收敛准则的选取进行了较深入的分析，结果表明，由于热传导逆问题的不适定性，优化过程中目标函数值越小并不意味着反演结果与真值更为接近，可以通过设定合适的收敛准则来模拟正则化项的作用，克服不适定性的影响。     

Multi-UAV reconnaissance task allocation for heterogeneous targets using an opposition-based genetic algorithm with double-chromosome encoding

This paper presents a novel multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) reconnaissance task allocation model for heterogeneous targets and an effective genetic algorithm to optimize UAVs’ task sequence. Heterogeneous targets are classified into point targets, line targets and area targets according to features of target geometry and sensor’s field of view. Each UAV is regarded as a Dubins vehicle to consider the kinematic constraints. And the objective of task allocation is to minimize the task execution time and UAVs’ total consumptions. Then, multi-UAV reconnaissance task allocation is formulated as an extended Multiple Dubins Travelling Salesmen Problem (MDTSP), where visit paths to the heterogeneous targets must meet specific constraints due to the targets’ feature. As a complex combinatorial optimization problem, the dimensions of MDTSP are further increased due to the heterogeneity of targets. To efficiently solve this computationally expensive problem, the Opposition-based Genetic Algorithm using Double-chromosomes Encoding and Multiple Mutation Operators (OGA-DEMMO) is developed to improve the population variety for enhancing the global exploration capability. The simulation results demonstrate that OGA-DEMMO outperforms the ordinary genetic algorithm, ant colony optimization and random search in terms of optimality of the allocation results, especially for large scale reconnaissance task allocation problems.     

C—半群和对抽象Cauchy问题的应用

本文研究了Ｃ－半群的无穷小生成元定义中强弱极限的等价性及生成元的有关性质，讨论了Ｃ－半群在齐次与非齐次Ｃａｕｃｈｙ问题中的应用。     

Lagrangian coherent structures in various map representations for application to multi-body gravitational regimes

The Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent (FTLE) has been demonstrated as an effective metric for revealing distinct, bounded regions within a flow. The dynamical differential equations derived in multi-body gravitational environments model a flow that governs the motion of a spacecraft. Specific features emerge in an FTLE map, denoted Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCS), that define the extent of regions that bound qualitatively different types of behavior. Consequently, LCS supply effective barriers to transport in a generic system, similar to the notion of invariant manifolds in autonomous systems. Unlike traditional invariant manifolds associated with solutions in an autonomous system, LCS evolve with the flow in time-dependent systems while continuing to bound distinct regions of behavior. Moreover, in general, FTLE values supply information describing the relative sensitivity in the neighborhood of a trajectory. Here, different models and variable representations are used to generate maps of FTLE, and the resulting structures are applied to design and analysis within an astrodynamical context. Application of FTLE and LCS to transfers from LEO to the L₁ region in the Earth–Moon system are presented and discussed. In an additional example, an FTLE analysis is offered of a few stationkeeping maneuvers from the Earth–Moon mission ARTEMIS (Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun).     

负荷条件下注意力分配策略对情境意识的影响

为探究负荷条件下不同注意力分配策略对情境意识（SA）的影响，招募22名被试开展了3种注意力分配策略（平均分配、主次分配、多级分配）×2种脑力负荷（低负荷、高负荷）条件下的被试内双因素设计的实验任务，记录情境意识全面测量技术（SAGAT）、行为绩效、眼动和脑电（EEG）指标为因变量。实验结果表明，在不同脑力负荷下，相较于多级注意力分配策略和主次注意力分配策略，平均注意力分配策略的SAGAT得分和绩效正确率均更低、最小近邻指数（NNI）更大；在高脑力负荷下，相较于多级注意力分配策略，主次注意力分配策略的SAGAT得分更高、绩效反应时间更短并且NNI值更低；SAGAT得分与平均注视时间、NNI、θ相对功率和α相对功率均存在显著低度相关。本研究结果提示，在不同脑力负荷条件下，采用平均注意力分配策略可能导致作业人员的注意力更为分散，从而产生更差的工作绩效和更低的SA水平；而在高脑力负荷条件下，相比于多级注意力分配策略，主次注意力分配策略更有助于作业人员提取关键信息并维持更好的SA水平，但同时可能存在SA丧失的风险；眼动的平均注视时间和NNI指标以及EEG的θ和α相对功率指标具有较好的表征SA的潜力。     

Hill区域内基于推广的Poincaré映射的低能逃逸/捕捉轨道

给出了Hill区域内基于推广的Poincare映射的低能逃逸轨道的计算.文中的推广的Poincare映射需要在相空间中选取两个(而非一个)与流相截的面,即将包含某个天平动点的截面通过轨道来映射到近拱点的通道面上的,在数值上通过总变差减小的Runge-Kutta方法来实现两个相面之间的映射.捕捉轨道则可由Hill三体模型的对称性直接导出.最后,关于Rhea的二维、三维的逃逸和捕捉轨道的仿真结果验证了该方法的精度和鲁棒性.     

UKF参数估计在三体Lambert问题中的应用

为了快速精确地求解三体Lambert问题,提出了一种新的基于无损卡尔曼滤波(UKF)参数估计的数值求解算法,该算法由初值猜测和精确解求解两部分组成.首先,基于地月系统二体模型,通过简单迭代求解三体Lambert问题的初值.然后,将三体Lambert问题对应的两点边值问题转化为参数估计问题,通过UKF滤波算法求解,可得到收敛的精确解.该算法是基于概率估计理论的,不仅避免了传统数值方法推导相关梯度矩阵的复杂性,而且降低了三体Lambert问题对初值精确度的要求,从而显著降低了三体Lambert问题求解的难度.数值仿真表明,该方法求解效率较高,具有良好的鲁棒性,与微分修正算法、二阶微分修正算法对比具有更大的收敛域.      

地月系统循环轨道初步设计与特性分析

基于平面圆型限制性三体问题(CR3BP)模型,根据轨道弧以及顺行和逆行特征采用圆锥曲线拼接法设计了5类地月系统周期轨道。以地月系统循环轨道的工程约束为出发点,从轨道周期、近地点高度、近月点高度、交会对接速度、轨道稳定性等方面分析了这5类周期轨道的特性,从中选择了适合地月系统循环轨道任务方案的周期轨道,并对周期轨道进行了优化。该研究为我国未来载人登月工程提供了一种新的思路与理论技术支持。