基于间接伴随法的大气层内高超声速飞行器最优上升轨迹研究

利用修正的无量纲因子,建立了适用于大气层内高速飞行器数值优化的数学模型。创新地采用欧氏空间中超立方体顶点坐标作为协状态初始值的方法解决了伴随方法的初始值估计难题,实现了间接伴随法在最优轨迹优化中的应用。完成并给出了该方法在真空状态和有空气动力存在的情况下轨迹优化结果,并在控制约束存在的前提下,对上升段轨线进行重规划,仿真结果表明,该方法快速、有效,且具有在线制导的应用潜力。     

垂直返回重复使用运载火箭技术分析

结合SpaceX公司近期进行的多次猎鹰火箭一子级垂直着陆返回技术试验,对比分析垂直返回重复使用运载火箭两种返回方式的工程应用价值。首先,建立运载火箭一子级动力返回段弹道设计动力学模型。随后,提出基于H-V飞行剖面分段返回弹道设计方法。然后针对“返回原场”（RTLS）和“不返回原场”(NRTLS)两种垂直返回方式,构建综合考虑上升段与返回段的推进剂耦合作用的一体化弹道优化设计策略。最后,通过数值仿真,对比分析了两种返回方式下的火箭运载能力。结果表明,采用“不返回原场”方式的运载能力损失仅占“返回原场”方式的一半,具有较好的工程应用价值。     

采用弱攻角补偿与脱敏设计的火星进入段制导

为提升火星进入段存在多种扰动时的制导末端精度,在现有三自由度脱敏设计的基础上,提出针对大气密度及升阻力系数波动的弱攻角补偿方法。通过攻角调整,协调升、阻力加速度测量值相对理论计算值的偏离程度,使加权形式的偏离程度指标趋近于1,从而降低气动参数波动对制导精度的影响。相平面分析和反证法证明了攻角调整过程的稳定性。蒙特卡洛仿真结果表明,该方法可达到较高的纵向末端状态精度。     

Direct trajectory optimization based on a mapped Chebyshev pseudospectral method

 In view of generating optimal trajectories of Bolza problems, standard Chebyshev pseudospectral (PS) method makes the points' accumulation near the extremities and rarefaction of nodes close to the center of interval, which causes an ill-condition of differentiation matrix and an oscillation of the optimal solution. For improvement upon the difficulties, a mapped Chebyshev pseudospectral method is proposed. A conformal map is applied to Chebyshev points to move the points closer to equidistant nodes. Condition number and spectral radius of differentiation matrices from both methods are presented to show the improvement. Furthermore, the modification keeps the Chebyshev pseudospectral method's advantage, the spectral convergence rate. Based on three numerical examples, a comparison of the execution time, convergence and accuracy is presented among the standard Chebyshev pseudospectral method, other collocation methods and the proposed one. In one example, the error of results from mapped Chebyshev pseudospectral method is reduced to 5% of that from standard Chebyshev pseudospectral method.     

Trajectory control strategy of cathodes in blisk electrochemical machining

A turbine blisk, which combines blades and a disk together, is one of the most important components of an aero engine. In the process of blisk electrochemical machining (ECM), the sheet cathode, which is usually used as a tool electrode, has a complicated structure. In addition to that, the channel between the adjacent blades is narrow and twisted, so interference is apt to happen when the sheet cathode feeds into the channel. Therefore, it is important to choose suitable trajectory control strategy. In this paper, a new trajectory control strategy of the sheet cathode is presented and corresponding simulation analysis is conducted on the basis of an actual blisk model. The simulation results demonstrate that the sheet cathode can feed into the channel by a spatial line trajectory without interference. Moreover, the verification experiments are carried out according to the simulation. The experimental results show that the cathode can move into the channel without interference. It is verified that the new trajectory control strategy is correct and can be used in the blisk ECM process successfully.     

跳跃式跨大气层飞行弹道仿真分析

针对跳跃式跨大气层飞行弹道的特殊性,建立了其飞行动力学模型,在此基础上,对其弹道进行了仿真分析,得知乘波构型是跳跃式跨大气层飞行器理想气动布局,研究对比了跳跃弹道和惯性弹道的不同性能,结果表明跳跃飞行具有惯性飞行所无法比拟的突防能力。所得结论对跳跃式跨大气层飞行和未来新型武器装备的发展方向的研究具有一定的参考价值。     

带电粒子在近地球区运动的计算方法

基于磁层粒子动力学理论,根据单粒子方法和偶极磁场模型,在近地球区(L＜10),详细讨论了带电粒子的运动特征以及适合不同能量的带电粒子的计算方法,定量分析了磁层中的电场和磁场对各种能量的带电粒子漂移运动的影响.结果表明,对于能量低于105 eV的电子和102 eV的质子,宜采用引导中心近似方法;对于能量介于105～108 eV之间的电子和102～108 eV之间的质子,可在部分区域内采用引导中心近似方法,若运动区在10 Re内,则只能采用变步长的轨道法;而对于引导中心方法,粒子能量高于105 eV时可以忽略电场漂移的影响,粒子能量低于103 eV时不必考虑磁场漂移的影响,从而简化了引导中心方程组,提高了数值计算效率.      

用最大值原理求某无人机的最优上升轨迹

为改进某无人机飞行性能，应用最大值原理求解无人机在垂直平面内的最优上升轨迹，推导了无人机最经济爬升所满足的极值方程；并用此方程和最快爬升极值方程这两类目标函数求解了某无人机的最优上升轨迹，计算结果表明，经优化后的爬升轨迹可以节省燃油，延长无人机的续航时间或快速爬升到预定的终点高度具有较好的性能收益。     

Trajectory reshaping based guidance with impact time and angle constraints

This study presents a novel impact time and angle constrained guidance law for homing missiles. The guidance law is first developed with the prior-assumption of a stationary target, which is followed by the practical extension to a maneuvering target scenario. To derive the closed-form guidance law, the trajectory reshaping technique is utilized and it results in defining a specific poly-nomial function with two unknown coefficients. These coefficients are determined to satisfy the impact time and angle constraints as well as the zero miss distance. Furthermore, the proposed guidance law has three additional guidance gains as design parameters which make it possible to adjust the guided trajectory according to the operational conditions and missile’s capability. Numerical simulations are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed guidance law. ? 2016 Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Production and hosting by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).     

卫星轨道保持的分散容错控制

本文基于Ｈ＾∝最估理论和矩阵奇异值分解技术，对卫星轨道保持系统进行了分攻容错控制，提出了容许执行机构故障和传感器故障的两种分散控制律设计方法，可使卫星控制系统具有明显的容错能力。