用 Clohessy-Wiltshire 方程求解航天员出舱运动轨迹

应用航天器相对运动动力学Ｃｌｏｈｅｓｓｙ－Ｗｉｌｔｓｈｉｒｅ方程,求出方程的分析解,研究航天员出舱后的运动轨迹。其结论可推广到对接航天器分离后的运动轨迹、卫星和运载分离后相对运动轨迹、航天器上抛射物体的相对运动轨迹     

基于hp自适应伪谱法的固体运载火箭轨迹优化

多级固体运载火箭轨迹优化是一个多阶段多约束的最优控制问题。hp自适应伪谱法融合了有限元法和全局伪谱法的思想,采用双层优化策略对细化单元数和插值基函数的阶次进行自适应调节以满足精度和快速性要求。对基于hp自适应伪谱法的多级固体运载火箭主动段轨迹优化问题进行了数值计算,结果表明该优化方法能够很好的满足过程约束和终端入轨条件,具有收敛速度快、对初值不敏感等优点,有一定的工程应用价值。     

Mission analysis and systems design of a near-term and far-term pole-sitter mission

This paper provides a detailed mission analysis and systems design of a near-term and far-term pole-sitter mission. The pole-sitter concept was previously introduced as a solution to the poor temporal resolution of polar observations from highly inclined, low Earth orbits and the poor high-latitude coverage from geostationary orbit. It considers a spacecraft that is continuously above either the north or south pole and, as such, can provide real-time, continuous and hemispherical coverage of the polar regions. Being on a non-Keplerian orbit, a continuous thrust is required to maintain the pole-sitter position. For this, two different propulsion strategies are proposed, which result in a near-term pole-sitter mission using solar electric propulsion (SEP) and a far-term pole-sitter mission where the SEP thruster is hybridized with a solar sail. For both propulsion strategies, minimum propellant pole-sitter orbits are designed. In order to maximize the spacecraft mass at the start of the operations phase of the mission, the transfer from Earth to the pole-sitter orbit is designed and optimized assuming either a Soyuz or an Ariane 5 launch. The maximized mass upon injection into the pole-sitter orbit is subsequently used in a detailed mass budget analysis that will allow for a trade-off between mission lifetime and payload mass capacity. Also, candidate payloads for a range of applications are investigated. Finally, transfers between north and south pole-sitter orbits are considered to overcome the limitations in observations due to the tilt of the Earth's rotational axis that causes the poles to be alternately situated in darkness. It will be shown that in some cases these transfers allow for propellant savings, enabling a further extension of the pole-sitter mission.     

一种小推力轨迹优化的改进方法

针对小推力轨迹优化这一难点和热点问题,提出了一种在直接法的基础上进一步提高优化结果的改进方法。分析了直接法在离散后存在求解维度较高的不足,借鉴了间接法推导出的最优解必要条件,提出了推力仅取最大值或零的取值改进方法。通过多次优化计算,根据产生速度增量需要的能量来确定推力和追击时间的取值范围,缩减了直接法的求解维度。最后进行了数值仿真,改进方法计算得到的优化指标高于直接法结果,表明该改进方法优于直接法。     

平衡功能测试与评估系统数据预处理方法研究

压力中心(COP)测量在评价人体平衡功能的实验中有着广泛的应用,本文介绍了一种基于FPGA的平衡功能测试系统,该系统以FPGA作为控制核心,实现了六个力分量的同步测量,动态测量出被试者压力中心并绘制轨迹。针对高频干扰严重影响测量准确性的问题,对数据预处理中平滑窗的合理设置展开了实验研究。实验结果表明,使用二分之一数据帧长度的均值平滑窗能有效提高轨迹平滑度。基于本系统,采用不同负重的方式进行工效评估,证明本系统能准确评价平衡功能。测量过程中应根据晃动剧烈程度选择动摇轨迹总长度和轨迹包络面积这两个指标作为评价依据。     

Trajectory optimization of multiple quad-rotor UAVs in collaborative assembling task

A hierarchic optimization strategy based on the offline path planning process and online trajectory planning process is presented to solve the trajectory optimization problem of multiple quad-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles in the collaborative assembling task. Firstly, the path planning process is solved by a novel parallel intelligent optimization algorithm, the central force optimization-genetic algorithm (CFO-GA), which combines the central force optimization (CFO) algorithm with the genetic algorithm (GA). Because of the immaturity of the CFO, the convergence analysis of the CFO is completed by the stability theory of the linear time-variant discrete-time sys-tems. The results show that the parallel CFO-GA algorithm converges faster than the parallel CFO and the central force optimization-sequential quadratic programming (CFO-SQP) algorithm. Then, the trajectory planning problem is established based on the path planning results. In order to limit the range of the attitude angle and guarantee the flight stability, the optimized object is changed from the ordinary six-degree-of-freedom rigid-body dynamic model to the dynamic model with an inner-loop attitude controller. The results show that the trajectory planning process can be solved by the mature SQP algorithm easily. Finally, the discussion and analysis of the real-time per-formance of the hierarchic optimization strategy are presented around the group number of the waypoints and the equal interval time.     

航天器轨迹优化的通用数值方法

给出了航天器轨迹优化的一种通用数值仿真方法，该方法是由静态参数优化和动态参数优化构成，其中，静态参数优化采用可变误差多面体算法，动态参数优化采用基于最优控制理论的共轭梯度方法。     

地基激光器发射微卫星的方案设计与弹道优化计算

1引言随着高功率激光技术的发展,用地基激光器发射近地轨道卫星将成为可能。上世纪90年代初Hum-bleW E和Pierson B L提出用一台地基300 MW的CO2激光器把初始质量为1 900 kg的飞行器发射到近地轨道[1]。飞行器的弹道在初始段有一向后运动的“后摆”段。这种弹道可以充分利用激光     

序列二次规划法解最优控制问题

在控制参数化的基础上结合序列二次规划算法，提出了一个数值解最优控制问题算法，求解了两个最优轨迹问题（某低速运动气垫船的控制问题，某国产运输机在风切变贯穿着陆中的运动控制问题），计算结果表明，该方法是求解受约束最优控制问题，其中包括奇异控制问题的有效手段。     

一种燃料最省的火星精确着陆动力下降段快速轨迹优化方法

针对火星精确着陆问题,给出一种燃料最省的火星着陆动力下降段快速轨迹优化方法。首先以燃料最省为指标建立了着陆器动力下降段轨迹优化问题模型,然后利用极大值原理对该模型的推力大小、推力方向与协状态变量之间的关系进行分析,得出着陆器推力只能以最大或最小推力工作、推力方向和与速度对应的协状态矢量方向相同的结论。并以此为基础,将原问题的状态微分方程和协状态微分方程转换为有限个推力为常值的分段函数,推导每段内微分方程的解析表达式,给出了动力下降段轨迹优化方法的算法流程;最后通过数学仿真将所提出的方法与凸规划、多项式制导方法进行比较。结果表明该方法不仅避免了多项式方法没有考虑推力约束及燃料消耗的缺陷,而且在计算效率方面较凸规划方法有大幅度提高。