基于逆多项式轨迹成形法的小推力轨道设计

轨迹成形法是一种基于反向设计思想的轨道设计方法,它假设待研究的轨道呈现某一形状,利用数学曲线进行逼近从而得到设计结果.逆多项式轨迹成形法为小推力地球转移轨道设计和数值求解最优轨迹过程中初值的选取提供了新的研究思路.首先结合轨道动力学方程和逆多项式曲线模型给出了轨迹成形法的设计过程,并在考虑时间约束的情况下对小推力转移轨道进行设计.仿真结果表明逆多项式轨迹成形法适宜于小推力转移轨道设计,并且其设计结果是一组近优解,可以作为求取精确最优轨迹的初值猜测.     

基于逆动力学的柔性连杆机械臂的混合模糊控制

利用假设模态法建立了柔性连杆机械臂的逆动力学方程,提出了一种并行于常规开环逆动力学控制的混合模糊控制方法对其进行末端轨迹跟踪。设计的控制器由两部分组成,一部分为根据结构的逆动力学以及机械臂末端所需跟踪的轨迹计算出控制力;另一部分为通过末端位置的实测与给定轨迹的偏差,利用一个辅助模糊控制对控制量进行调整,构成输出反馈部分。通过数字仿真,并与常规模糊控制结果的比较,表明借助于结构逆动力学,可以降低模糊控制器对知识库的需求,获得较好的控制稳态性能。     

Trajectory optimization of multiple asteroids exploration with asteroid 2010TK7 as main target

In this study, the Earth’s Trojan asteroid 2010 TK₇ is selected as the rendezvous target. The multiple flyby sequence of asteroid exploration was proposed by optimizing the probe’s orbit. Impulsive maneuvers and low-thrust propulsion were used respectively to design the trajectories of the multiple asteroids exploration mission. Under impulsive maneuvers, gravity assist technique was adopted to reduce fuel consumption. First a reference orbit with only 2010 TK₇ as the rendezvous target was designed. Then five asteroids near the reference orbit were selected as candidates. Finally, we obtained a multiple asteroids exploration sequence of three asteroids based on gravity assist technique and genetic algorithm, and an additional velocity impulse of 0.4?km/s was required. In the subsequent section, a sixth-degree inverse polynomial shape-based method is applied to the low-thrust trajectory design of 2010 TK₇, and the exploration sequence under the action of low-thrust propulsion was provided.     

Titan’s new pole: Implications for the Huygens entry and descent trajectory and landing coordinates

The European Space Agency’s Huygens probe separated from the NASA Cassini spacecraft on 25 December 2004, after having been attached for a 7-year interplanetary journey and three orbits around Saturn. The probe reached the predefined NASA/ESA interface point on 14 January 2005 at 09:05:52.523 (UTC). It performed a successful entry and descent sequence and softly landed on Titan’s surface on the same day at 11:38:10.77 (UTC) with a speed of about 4.54 m/s. Since the publication of the official project entry and descent trajectory reconstruction effort by the Descent Trajectory Working Group in 2007 (referred to as DTWG#4) various other efforts have been performed and published. This paper presents an overview of the most relevant reconstructions and compares their methodologies and results. Furthermore, the results of a new reconstruction effort (DTWG#5) are presented, which is based on the same methodology as DTWG#4 but takes into account new estimates of Titan’s pole coordinates which were derived from radar images of different Cassini Titan flybys. It can be shown that the primary effect can be observed in the meridional direction which is represented by a stark southward shift of the trajectory by about 0.3 deg. A much smaller effect is seen in the zonal direction (i.e., less than 0.01 deg in the west to east direction). The revised probe landing coordinates are 192.335 deg W and 10.573 deg S. A comparison of these coordinates with results of recent landing site investigations using visual and radar images of the Cassini VIMS instrument shows excellent agreement of the two independently derived landing coordinates, i.e., longitude and latitude residuals of respectively 0.035 deg and 0.007 deg.     

基于自适应高斯伪谱法的SGCMG无奇异框架角轨迹规划

针对采用SGCMG作为姿态执行机构的小卫星,在大角度机动过程中SGCMG系统易陷入奇异的问题,提出了一种基于自适应Gauss伪谱法的SGCMG无奇异框架角轨迹快速规划方法。该算法综合考虑到实际工程应用中存在的SGCMG框架角受限、框架角速度受限,奇异量度受限,星体机动角速度受限以及星体初始和终端状态受限等约束条件,将卫星大角度机动问题看成满足上述一系列约束条件和边界条件同时实现某一性能指标最优的最优控制问题。然后,结合自适应高斯伪谱法与非线性规划技术,求解带有边界约束与路径约束的最优化问题,获得实现性能指标最优的无奇异SGCMG系统轨迹。仿真结果表明：该算法能够在25s的时间内给出顺利实现大角度机动并满足所有约束条件,同时近似精度优于10 -3 的高精度平滑轨迹。     

基于改进Gauss伪谱法的探月返回器跳跃式再入轨迹优化设计

基于改进的Gauss伪谱法,研究了探月返回器跳跃式再入轨迹优化设计问题.首先给出了探月返回器再入轨迹优化问题的三维模型.然后针对探月返回器配平攻角飞行的特点,考虑到实际倾侧角反转机动不可能瞬时完成,对单一控制变量倾侧角的变化范围进行合理限制,并以总吸热量为性能指标,设计了满足过载和驻点热流约束的小升力体大航程跳跃式再入轨迹.最后基于该优化算法,将返回器在各相同初始条件下发生跳跃和不发生跳跃时的最大航程进行比较,并求解得到在不同升阻比和存在不同程度大气密度偏差时不发生跳跃的再入轨迹最大航程和过载峰值,以分析跳跃式轨迹在扩大小升力体再入航程方面的优势.     

弹道重构在导弹仿真模型验证中的应用

结合某型导弹六自由度弹道仿真,将极大似然法作为弹道重构的主要手段,详细讨论了用于仿真验证过程的弹道重构方法和步骤,并给出了弹道重构的计算模型,以赛氏系数为性能指标,给出一种模型验的定量方法,这里特别调用于弹道重构的数据应具有独立性,仿真结果表明,利用弹道重构对导弹六自由度弹道仿真模型进行验证是有效的。     

一种针对直接入轨飞行器的主动段轨道快速实现方案

在直接入轨飞行器允许较宽交班范围的情况下,采用离线优化设计轨道保障参数、射前根据发射点和射向对程序角进行修正的方案,将传统的单发设计转化为适应性强的通用设计,减少了轨道设计计算量,缩短了飞行器的射前准备时间。仿真结果表明,所提出的轨道快速实现方法对点位和射向具有较强的适应性,能够有效减小交班点的偏差范围,同时相比优化设计的轨道,终端速度差异较小,在具有一定优化指标的同时可保证在线实施。     

空中发射运载火箭弹道优化设计

以现有空中发射运载火箭"飞马座"(Pegasus)为研究对象,研究了空中发射运载火箭的弹道优化设计方法。在建立的空中发射运载火箭动力学模型的基础上,考虑空中发射火箭独特气动外形,设计发射全过程的飞行控制模型;给出了使用遗传算法(GA)筛选弹道优化问题全局最优初值,并交叉运用起作用集算法(ASM)与内点法对GA算法获得的初值二次寻优,从而获得空中发射火箭弹道的分级优化设计方法,另与"飞马座"空中发射运载火箭的弹道数据对比,验证了该分级优化方法相比传统弹道优化设计方法,适用的目标轨道范围广阔,发射位置灵活,能够更大程度挖掘空中发射运载火箭的运载能力。     

一种提高外测数字引导准确性的系统工程方法

在飞行器试验过程中,中心机需要实时向测控设备发送数字引导信息,使测控设备能够及时捕获目标并稳定跟踪。简单介绍目前外测实时数据处理中所采用的数字引导算法,通过分析影响外测设备数字引导精度的主要因素,提出一种基于轨迹融合的数据精化处理和多级组合滤波方法,可以有效地提高测控设备数字引导精度,具有较高的实际应用价值。