基于3RRS-Bricard复合空间捕获系统运动学分析

面向跨尺度、目标多样化的空间捕获任务,融合Bricard和3RRS机构的折展特性和几何特点对复合捕获系统运动学进行了分析。基于捕获系统的自由度和构型特点分析,通过构建Bricard与3RRS间的转换关系实现了捕获系统各机构间的运动学解耦。根据六棱柱模型,引入Bricard虚拟顶点,设计了面向复合空间捕获系统的运动学求解方法。在仿真环境下搭建捕获系统的运动学和动力学模型,并开展针对动态捕获目标的轨迹跟随实验。通过与基于闭环约束的阻尼最小二乘法（DLS）对比,验证了该运动学求解算法的有效性和先进性。实验结果表明,捕获系统可实现平稳的协同控制,运动过程中位置跟随精度优于4 mm,姿态精度优于0.035 rad。     

机翼用铝合金材料原始疲劳质量对比

当前航空工业的发展对于超高强铝合金材料的需求十分迫切,实现该材料的国产化并达到良好的质量效果至关重要。为了对中国航空工业中常用的7XXX新型铝合金材料的原始疲劳质量（IFQ）进行评估,选取裂纹萌生时间（TTCI）和当量初始缺陷尺寸（EIFS）作为对比参量,分别对中国飞机机翼用7XXX紧固孔试件和俄系BXXX紧固孔试件开展了低、中、高3种应力水平下的疲劳试验,通过对比分析得到了两种试件在不同应力水平下的TTCI趋于一致,最大仅相差3.71%;得到了每个试件的EIFS,应用疲劳统计学方法验证了两种试件材料各自的EIFS值无显著性差异;提出了一种不同超越概率下的结构细节当量初始缺陷模型,直接有效地对飞机结构细节的质量风险进行了评估;建立并对比分析了两种试件结构细节的通用EIFS分布,结果均小于中国军用手册规定的0.125 mm,且在超越概率为5%时,7XXX材料的通用EIFS值要小于BXXX材料的通用EIFS值。     

Adaptive path planning for unmanned aerial vehicles based on bi-level programming and variable planning time interval

This paper presents an adaptive path planner for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to adapt a real-time path search procedure to variations and fluctuations of UAVs’ relevant performances, with respect to sensory capability, maneuverability, and flight velocity limit. On the basis of a novel adaptability-involved problem statement, bi-level programming (BLP) and variable planning step techniques are introduced to model the necessary path planning components and then an adaptive path planner is developed for the purpose of adaptation and optimization. Additionally, both probabilistic-risk-based obstacle avoidance and performance limits are described as path search constraints to guarantee path safety and navigability. A discrete-search-based path planning solution, embedded with four optimization strategies, is especially designed for the planner to efficiently generate optimal flight paths in complex operational spaces, within which different surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) are deployed. Simulation results in challenging and stochastic scenarios firstly demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed planner, and then verify its great adaptability and relative stability when planning optimal paths for a UAV with changing or fluctuating performances.     

航空发动机导流叶片角度调节参数变化故障分析

某型发动机低压压气机进口导流叶片角度α1,其电子调节部分执行机构电磁活门的占空比(Sα),在整个调节过程中是起关键作用的重要参数,但在台架试车过程中曾多台次出现在不同次检查时Sα数值变化的故障。通过对α1主调节系统工作原理的深入分析,确定试车中Sα变化故障是由于燃油调节机构掺混入空气所致,并得到试车验证。本研究对发动机试车中类似故障的排除具有重要的参考意义。     

Demonstration of a high sensitivity GNSS software receiver for indoor positioning

Advances in signal processing techniques contributed to the significant improvements of GNSS receiver performance in dense multipath environments and created the opportunities for a new category of high-sensitivity GNSS (HS-GNSS) receivers that can provide GNSS location services in indoor environments. The difficulties in improving the availability, reliability, and accuracy of these indoor capable GNSS receivers exceed those of the receivers designed for the most hostile urban canyon environments. The authors of this paper identified the vector tracking schemes, signal propagation statistics, and parallel processing techniques that are critical to a robust HS-GNSS receiver for indoor environments and successfully incorporated them into a fully functional high-sensitivity software receiver. A flexible vector-based receiver architecture is introduced to combine these key indoor signal processing technologies into GSNRx-hs™ – the high sensitivity software navigation receiver developed at the University of Calgary. The resulting receiver can perform multi-mode vector tracking in indoor environment at various levels of location and timing uncertainties. In addition to the obvious improvements in time-to-first-fix (TTFF) and signal sensitivity, the field test results in indoor environments surrounded by wood, glass, and concrete showed that the new techniques effectively improved the performance of indoor GNSS positioning. With fine GNSS timing, the proposed receiver can consistently deliver indoor navigation solution with the horizontal accuracy of 2–15 m depending on the satellite geometry and the indoor environments. If only the coarse GNSS timing is available, the horizontal accuracy of the indoor navigation solution from the proposed receiver is around 30 m depending on the coarse timing accuracy, the satellite geometry, and the indoor environments. From the preliminary field test results, it has been observed that the signal processing sensitivity is the dominant factor on the availability of the indoor navigation solution, while the GNSS timing accuracy is the dominant factor on the accuracy of the indoor navigation solution.     

GNSS接收机数字载波跟踪环建模与噪声性能分析

针对GNSS接收机高灵敏度跟踪问题,研究数字载波跟踪环热噪声相位颤动与相干积累时间长度的关系.在分析I·Q鉴相器的Costas载波环信号处理流程的基础上,建立了新的环路线性化模型.基于该模型,推导了由最佳模拟环路滤波器双线性变换离散化得到的数字载波跟踪环的噪声性能.数值分析表明:采用I·Q鉴相器的二阶、三阶数字载波环热噪声相位颤动,随相干积累时间的增大先减小后增大,存在热噪声相位颤动最小意义上的最佳相干积累时间.仿真结果验证了理论分析结论,同时表明新建模型对数字载波跟踪环的描述比传统模型更准确.文中给出的各载噪比和环路带宽组合条件下的最佳相干积累时间,可用于指导高灵敏度接收机载波跟踪环设计.     

终端区四维轨迹到达时间的控制与计算

研究的目的是使管制员通过飞行管理计算机计算的结果来较精确地预测飞机到达各航路点的时间范围,在同时有多架飞机进场的情况下合理安排进近顺序。利用向量分解法,分析了飞机在有风情况下,特别是风向风速改变时地速的变化。给出了实时地速的计算方式,指出了通过调节两个航路点间加速度变化的位置来控制飞机到达下一航路点的时间,并给出了到达各航路点时间范围的计算方式。通过计算,管制员不仅可以推测出到达各航路点的高度及时间范围,避免飞行冲突,还能够安全有序的引导飞机按预计时间着陆,减少航班延误量。     

均匀化处理对7A55铝合金组织与性能的影响

研究了单级均匀化和双级均匀化工艺对铸态7A55铝合金组织和性能的影响规律.结果表明,经450℃单级均匀化处理后,合金中的残留共晶仍然较多,保温60h时合金中残留共晶比例由铸态合金的15.2%减少至7.2%,合金硬度由72HRB降低至60HRB,伸长率则由2.1%增大至11.2%;经450℃/60h+470℃双级均匀化处...     

未知时延系统的全局优化辅助变量辨识

对于未知时延系统,借助分离性原理,推导出迭代的可分离的非线性最小二乘（SNLS）辨识方法。为了降低收敛于局部最小的可能性,消除强观测噪声所引起的参数估计的偏差,利用全局优化理论,引进辅助变量,推导了全局优化的辅助变量（GOIV）辨识方法。仿真试验验证了算法的有效性。     

AFDX流量管制信用量设置的模型检查

航空电子全双工交换式以太网（AFDX）实时通信中,交换节点采用信用量令牌桶（creditedtoken bucket）进行流量管制。分别对基于帧和基于字节的信用量令牌桶流量管制进行时间自动机建模,并构建模型的并发交互场景;采用测试自动机,进行有界活性（bounded liveness）模型检查。通过形式化验证,发现流量管制通过约束突发度限制多路复用输出排队的时延抖动,但信用量值的设置必须考虑输入虚拟链路（VL）的时延抖动,否则可能导致已经聚合的流量中属于不同VL的帧的先后次序被破坏,反而造成更大的时延抖动。通过分析时延抖动对信用量设置的影响,归纳并给出流量管制信用量设置的注意事项。