Fault-tolerant control with mixed aerodynamic surfaces and RCS jets for hypersonic reentry vehicles

This paper proposes a fault-tolerant strategy for hypersonic reentry vehicles with mixed aerodynamic surfaces and reaction control systems (RCS) under external disturbances and subject to actuator faults. Aerodynamic surfaces are treated as the primary actuator in normal situations, and they are driven by a continuous quadratic programming (QP) allocator to generate torque com-manded by a nonlinear adaptive feedback control law. When aerodynamic surfaces encounter faults, they may not be able to provide sufficient torque as commanded, and RCS jets are activated to augment the aerodynamic surfaces to compensate for insufficient torque. Partial loss of effective-ness and stuck faults are considered in this paper, and observers are designed to detect and identify the faults. Based on the fault identification results, an RCS control allocator using integer linear programming (ILP) techniques is designed to determine the optimal combination of activated RCS jets. By treating the RCS control allocator as a quantization element, closed-loop stability with both continuous and quantized inputs is analyzed. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

推力室参数对喷管化学动力学性能的影响

针对某液体发动机进行化学动力学计算，研究了各种推力室参数，如燃烧室压强、混合比、边区冷却流量以及喷管的尺寸等对喷管性能的影响。由计算结果可以得到参数变化引起性能变化的定量的规律，分析推力室设计的优劣，提出改善发动机性能的具体措施。     

原位合成Al2O3/Ti-Al复合材料的研究

利用氧对金属Ti、Al粉的部分氧化，原位合成了Al2O3／Ti-Al复合材料，通过XRD和SEM手段，发现Al2O3分布在Ti—Al基体交界处，在一些制得的复合材料中出现了大量原位生成的纤维。借助差热分析，对该制备过程的反应机理进行了初步探讨，研究认为该制备过程的反应步骤为：Ti、Al金属粉表面氧化→铝的熔化→TiAl，的生成→Ti2Al、TiAl、Ti，Al等多种化合物生成和Al对TiO2的还原反应。原始组成中铝含量决定了复合材料的主要晶相组成，铝含量不足时，生成Ti2Al、TiAl、Ti3Al等多种金属间化合物和氧化铝；铝含量足够时，最终的产物为TiAl3、金属铝以及氧化铝等相。     

国外宇航员舱外机动装置发展综述

综述了“双子星座”和航天飞机等空间飞行器上的宇航员舱外机动装置（ＭＭＵ）的发展历程、技术特点及主要技术参数，并对其优缺点进行了分析。介绍了国外对空间站上的ＭＭＵ的设想。     

利用喷气装置卸载航天器积累角动量的最小工质损耗控制

讨论利用喷气装置卸载航天器积累的外扰角动量过程中 ,实现最小工质损耗的问题。提出了在航天器绕自己质心转动的过程中实现对这一角动量进行卸载的新思路。文中采用极大值原理求得了最优工质损耗并举出了实例     

镁基水反应金属燃料与水反应模型及数值分析

为研究宽广温度范围内镁基水金属燃料/水反应特性,在总结国内外研究成果的基础上,建立了包含镁/水和碳/水两个主要反应的镁基水反应金属燃料/水反应模型,其中镁/水反应在不同温度段分别采用动力学和扩散分段控制,镁/水扩散燃烧模型考虑部分氧化镁在镁液滴表面凝聚;碳/水反应为反应动力学控制,反应动力学模型依据阿仑尼乌斯公式。采用数值分析方法,研究了水燃比和镁含量对燃料/水和镁/水反应特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:燃料/水反应特性的计算结果与实验值相符;在保证一定燃料自持燃烧温度的基础上,提高镁含量,选择合适的水燃比,有利于提高燃料/水的反应特性,促进燃料/水反应快速、充分的进行。     

硝酸酯增塑聚醚推进剂药浆固化反应研究

从推进剂药浆固化的动态流变特征出发，用DRA动态流变学方法研究了硝酸酯增塑聚醚推进剂的固化反应动力学。结果表明：它可提供推进剂药浆固化的表观凝胶化时间和固化反应的表观活化能；活化能随动态条件的不同而异，具有明显的固化反应指纹特征；动态流变学方法可对药浆直接进行固化反应动力学研究。对于深入研究推进剂性能将有很好的实际意义。     

考虑未知飞轮摩擦力矩的航天器姿态跟踪鲁棒自适应控制

针对存在未知飞轮摩擦力矩和外干扰力矩情况下的姿态跟踪问题,提出并分析一种鲁棒自适应姿态控制律。姿态控制律采用一种间接处理未知飞轮摩擦力矩和外干扰力矩的方法。该方法并不直接关注未知摩擦力矩和外干扰力矩本身,而是关注其界,并用其进行控制器设计。最后基于Barbalat引理证明所得闭环系统的稳定性,并给出数值仿真结果。仿真结果校验了所提方法的有效性。     

可重复使用运载器再入数学建模

针对可重复使用运载器(RLV)方案论证和初步设计阶段对模型的需求,提出了一种RLV再入概念设计,进行了数学建模研究。RLV采用翼身组合体的气动布局,包括左右升降副翼、方向舵和机体襟翼。对其无动力再入返回姿态控制,建立了反作用控制系统/气动舵复合控制数学模型。再入过程要经历自由分子流区、稀薄大气过渡流区和连续流区,基于气动力的工程计算方法建立了这三个流区的RLV气动模型。控制特性分析与六自由度再入仿真表明,所设计的RLV控制模型具有与航天飞机轨道器一致的再入飞行特性,证明了数学建模的有效性,能够进一步用于RLV姿态控制的研究。     

A study of reaction wheel configurations for a 3-axis satellite attitude control

The satellite reaction wheel’s configuration plays also an important role in providing the attitude control torques. Several configurations based on three or four reaction wheels are investigated in order to identify the most suitable orientation that consumes a minimum power. Such information in a coherent form is not summarized in any publication; and therefore, an extensive literature search is required to obtain these results. In addition, most of the available results are from different test conditions; hence, making them difficult for comparison purposes. In this work, the standard reaction wheel control and angular momentum unloading schemes are adopted for all the reaction wheel configurations. The schemes will be presented together with their governing equations, making them fully amenable to numerical treatments. Numerical simulations are then performed for all the possible reaction wheel configurations with respect to an identical reference mission. All the configurations are analyzed in terms of their torques, momentums and attitude control performances. Based on the simulations, the reaction wheel configuration that has a minimum total control torque level is identified, which also corresponds to the configuration with minimum power consumption.