旋转盘腔稳态换热试验的时间相关性

在稳态换热试验中,试验没有达到稳定就测量会增大误差,常见工况中盘面平均努塞尔数Nu误差的半衰期为2500~2700s。为判断试验是否达到稳定或可测量状态,采用瞬态计算方法对旋转盘腔换热试验的稳定时间的判定方法进行了研究。数值计算结果表明:对于旋转盘腔换热试验,稳定时间较长。提供了一种通过试验精度判定稳定时间和可测时间的方法,试验前可以由固体非稳态导热的傅里叶数估算可测时间。建议试验过程中每隔一段时间观测传感器数值,观测时间间隔按对数规律确定,直到传感器数值不变以确定达到稳定状态。      

Experimental study on film cooling performance of imperfect holes

An experimental study is made to investigate the film cooling performance of imperfect holes due to in-hole blockage over a flat plate. A specifically pyramid-shaped element is used to simulate the in-hole blockage. Six in-hole blockage orientations (such as leading-inlet, leading-middle, leading-exit, trailing-inlet, trailing-middle and trailing-exit) and four blocking ratios (ranging from 0.1 to 0.4) are taken into considerations. Based on the experimental results, the influences of in-hole blockage on the film cooling effectiveness and discharge coefficient under typical blowing ratios are analyzed. It is confirmed that the in-hole blockage results in a reduction of discharge coefficient related to the perfect film cooling holes, especially for the leading-exit and trailing-inlet orientations with a big blocking ratio. However, in the view of film cooling effectiveness, the in-hole blockage shows complicated affecting roles. In general, except for the leading-exit orientation, the in-hole blockages produce detrimental influence on the film cooling effectiveness.     

带有冗余度的新型连续地月载荷转移系统动力学与能量分析

传统的连续地月载荷转移系统(CCPTS）存在可靠性低、转移效率差的问题。设计了带有冗余度的新型连续地月载荷转移系统(N-CCPTS）,其带有的一套冗余抓捕机构不但提高了系统的可靠性,而且可以运载载荷,将转移效率提高了1倍。计算和仿真结果表明,冗余机构对系统参数变化规律的影响是小量;在转移相同质量的载荷时,当椭圆轨道远地点的半径足够大时,N-CCPTS相比CCPTS更加节省能量。N-CCPTS可以为高效率的连续地月物资转移提供一种更加可行的方案。     

大功率轨道转移航天器全电推进系统研究

采用基于电推进的空间运输系统(转移级)完成使命,相对于采用化学推进可节省大量的推进剂,能够显著降低航天器的发射重量或者把更多的有效载荷送达探测目标地。调研了国外大功率电推力器的研究情况,针对近地空间的大功率轨道转移航天器任务需求,给出了电推进系统方案设计,并对采用不同性能指标推力器的多种方案进行对比,得到综合最优的方案。最后针对我国电推进技术发展现状,给出了我国大功率电推力器的关键技术和发展建议。     

面关机针栓式喷注器发动机头部传热分析

对面关机针栓式喷注器发动机头部的传热情况进行了分析建模,应用数值方法分别计算了发动机在工作过程和关机后头部集液腔内推进剂温度的瞬态变化情况.计算结果表明,发动机在工作过程中头部集液腔中的推进剂温升很小,关机后推进剂有不超过200℃的温升.从计算结果来看,头部的推进剂处于安全的温度范围内.     

波形隔板形状对通道流动和换热的影响

采用数值模拟的方法,对基于波形隔板结构涡轮叶片尾缘复合通道的换热和流阻特性进行研究.设计了一种直隔板和三种不同折角的波形隔板结构,研究波形角度对通道中流动和换热的影响.数值结果表明,波形隔板结构折角越小,对整个通道,换热越好,尤其是对于第1通道,换热增强最大可达30%;同时折角越小,通道的流阻系数越大;从换热和流阻的综合效果来看,150°折角波形隔板结构和直隔板结构(180°折角)相当,120°折角和90°折角波形隔板结构的综合换热效果比直隔板结构的略大.      

旋转通道入口湍流度控制方法及验证

针对旋转通道实验,为了获得理想的旋转通道入口湍流度,更好地模拟实际涡轮叶片内冷通道的流动换热,提出了一种入口湍流度控制方法,并通过实验对该方法进行了验证和初步探索.实验中,在边长为40mm×40mm的方形通道中,放置了一层网丝直径d=3mm,网丝间距M_u=12mm的阻尼网,利用热线风速仪,得到了雷诺数为2200~3900范围内的阻尼网后下游湍流特性.研究发现:流体通过该阻尼网后,湍流度显著增大并沿流向逐渐衰减,相同点湍流度随阻尼网雷诺数增大而增大,气流在阻尼网后较短距离内就获得了5%的湍流度,这与实际涡轮叶片内冷通道流动湍流度相当;阻尼网雷诺数越小,流动越早进入横向均匀及各向同性湍流;通过经典公式对阻尼网后通道中心湍流度沿流向分布进行拟合,实验数据与曲线拟合较好.      

A review of recent studies on rotating internal cooling for gas turbine blades

Gas turbines have been used extensively for aircraft and marine propulsions as well as land-based power generation because of their high thermal efficiency and large power to weight ratios. To further increase the thermal efficiency, numerous prior researches on gas turbine blade internal cooling have been intensively carried out, majorly under stationary conditions. However, the stationary studies neglect the effects of Coriolis and buoyancy forces, which should change the velocity, turbulence and temperature distribution under rotating conditions. To elucidate the rotational effects on gas turbine internal cooling, the extensive results collected from recent investigations are discussed, which include the rotation and buoyancy effects on the rib turbulated cooling, pin fin cooling, jet impingement cooling, dimple/protrusion cooling, latticework cooling as well as swirl cooling. The rotational effects on the friction factors and the most employed experimental and numerical methods are also presented. Moreover, recommendations for future research are outlined. Therefore, this review article provides extensive literature information for the design of the next-generation high-efficiency internal cooling for rotating turbine blades.     

X-37B的发展现状及空气动力技术综述

X-37B的研制和试验国内外一直高度关注。X-37B作为跨大气层飞行器,从空气动力技术角度分析其研究工作很有意义。介绍了X-37B的发展历程,分析了战略用途,并重点介绍了涉及的一些关键气动技术,如气动布局设计优化、气动舵面/RCS/O MS复合控制设计、热防护技术、气动辅助变轨技术等,对其利用三大手段开展的研究工作也作了简要介绍,最后简要总结了X-37B研制过程中的一些经验教训。