冲击加多斜孔双层壁冷却方式多斜孔内换热研究

研究了航空发动机燃烧室火焰筒冲击加多斜孔双层壁冷却方式中两种不同孔排列方式、不同位置处斜孔内的局部和平均换热情况。方法是在相似理论指导下的实验研究。结果显示:多斜孔进口区附近的换热有明显的增强,其局部换热和平均换热情况与冲击作用密切相关。由于冲击的影响,多斜孔进口区附近的换热系数差别明显,冲击的影响范围一直可达X/D=3.0处;在远离进口区的相应位置上,几种情况下换热系数差别不大。      

高超声速三维化学非平衡流动的数值模拟

高温非平衡化学反应对高超声速再入飞行器绕流流场的气动热特性有较大影响.通过采用有限体积NND(Non-oscillatory, containing No free parameters and Dissipative scheme)格式求解三维N-S方程,分别计算了小攻角条件下球锥的完全气体粘性流场和化学反应非平衡气体流场.比较并分析了化学非平衡作用对三维高超声速钝头体绕流流场的影响.所得结果与国外文献结果符合的较好,证明了计算方法与程序的有效性和实用性.      

旋转光滑U形通道内流动和换热的数值模拟

数值模拟了旋转状态下涡轮叶片U形内冷通道湍流流场和温度场的分布,分析了流阻和换热的变化规律.结果表明,旋转状态下哥氏力、离心力和浮升力的共同作用使得流场发生了复杂的变化.旋转强化了换热,减小了流阻.但旋转使得换热在各个面换热能力分布不均,增加了温度梯度.      

涡轮叶片尾缘复合通道隔板结构

采用热色液晶测温法测量涡轮叶片尾缘带隔板的复合通道的温度场.研究复合通道中3种不同形状的隔板对换热和流阻的影响.主要在矩形隔板、90°波形隔板、120°波形隔板3种结构之间进行换热和流阻的比较.结果表明:在本实验评价指标下,2种形状的波形隔板的换热均好于矩形隔板,而且相对较小的压力损失;90°隔板在第1通道换热上好于120°隔板,第2通道两隔板的换热基本相当,但是90°隔板相对有较大的压力损失.      

离心力场下热驱动换热准则关系式的确定

建立了旋转条件下细微封闭循环通道中流体热驱动流动规律和换热特性的基本控制方程,并进行无量纲化,得到了影响流体热驱动换热的主要准则参数;在理论分析的基础上通过实验研究离心力场下以H2O为热驱动介质时各准则参数对换热的影响,拟合获得了离心力场下热驱动换热特性相似准则关系式。      

旋转蛇形通道内冷气流动和换热的数值模拟

对于具有近真实发动机参数的涡轮叶片蛇形内冷通道,数值模拟了旋转状态下光滑、前后缘带肋及环肋结构的内流场和温度场分布,对比分析了其流动和换热特性。结果表明,带肋通道各面换热均明显好于光滑面通道;旋转对各通道进气段的影响比出气段明显;哥氏力在环肋通道中产生了最为强烈的截面二次流;光滑通道出气段换热受弯管效应的影响最为显著。      

采用二维贝叶斯方法求解旋转盘腔导热反问题

为了研究压气机旋转盘腔换热特性,实现准确求解转盘表面传热系数,引入二维贝叶斯方法,此方法采用先验分布优化测温误差,并且更加符合转盘的二维特性。通过加入噪声的模拟数据验证方法的可行性,结果表明无测温误差时方法的平均误差是3.2%,有测温误差时方法的平均误差是10.6%,并分析了误差来源。通过与已有实验结果对比,发现方法更适用于计算转盘迎风面与背风面传热差异较大时的表面传热系数,平均相对误差为9.6%,满足实际工程精度的要求。通过改变盘面温度测点数量,发现测点增加会提升计算精度,并采用统计抽样理论分析原因,发现在可接受误差为10%时,所需要的测点数量比较合理。     

Parallel algorithm and its convergence of spatial domain decomposition of discrete ordinates method for solving radiation heat transfer problem

To improve the computational efficiency and hold calculation accuracy at the same time,we study the parallel computation for radiation heat transfer. In this paper, the discrete ordinates method(DOM) and the spatial domain decomposition parallelization(DDP) are combined by message passing interface(MPI) language. The DDP–DOM computation of the radiation heat transfer within the rectangular furnace is described. When the result of DDP–DOM along one-dimensional direction is compared with that along multi-dimensional directions, it is found that the result of the latter one has higher precision without considering the medium scattering. Meanwhile, an in-depth study of the convergence of DDP–DOM for radiation heat transfer is made. Analyzing the cause of the weak convergence, we relate the total number of iteration steps when the convergence is obtained to the number of sub-domains. When we decompose the spatial domain along one-,two- and three-dimensional directions, different linear relationships between the number of total iteration steps and the number of sub-domains will be possessed separately, then several equations are developed to show the relationships. Using the equations, some phenomena in DDP–DOM can be made clear easily. At the same time, the correctness of the equations is verified.     

Effect of blade sweep on inlet flow in axial compressor cascades

This paper presents comparative numerical studies to investigate the effects of blade sweep on inlet flow in axial compressor cascades. A series of swept and straight cascades was modeled in order to obtain a general understanding of the inlet flow field that is induced by sweep.A computational fluid dynamics(CFD) package was used to simulate the cascades and obtain the required three-dimensional(3D) flow parameters. A circumferentially averaged method was introduced which provided the circumferential fluctuation(CF) terms in the momentum equation.A program for data reduction was conducted to obtain a circumferentially averaged flow field.The influences of the inlet flow fields of the cascades were studied and spanwise distributions of each term in the momentum equation were analyzed. The results indicate that blade sweep does affect inlet radial equilibrium. The characteristic of radial fluid transfer is changed and thus influencing the axial velocity distributions. The inlet flow field varies mainly due to the combined effect of the radial pressure gradient and the CF component. The axial velocity varies consistently with the incidence variation induced by the sweep, as observed in the previous literature. In addition, factors that might influence the radial equilibrium such as blade camber angles, solidity and the effect of the distance from the leading edge are also taken into consideration and comparatively analyzed.     

Tangent-impulse transfer from elliptic orbit to an excess velocity vector

The two-body orbital transfer problem from an elliptic parking orbit to an excess veloc-ity vector with the tangent impulse is studied. The direction of the impulse is constrained to be aligned with the velocity vector, then speed changes are enough to nullify the relative velocity. First, if one tangent impulse is used, the transfer orbit is obtained by solving a single-variable function about the true anomaly of the initial orbit. For the initial circular orbit, the closed-form solution is derived. For the initial elliptic orbit, the discontinuous point is solved, then the initial true anomaly is obtained by a numerical iterative approach; moreover, an alternative method is proposed to avoid the singularity. There is only one solution for one-tangent-impulse escape trajectory. Then, based on the one-tangent-impulse solution, the minimum-energy multi-tangent-impulse escape trajectory is obtained by a numerical optimization algorithm, e.g., the genetic method. Finally, several examples are provided to validate the proposed method. The numerical results show that the minimum-energy multi-tangent-impulse escape trajectory is the same as the one-tangent-impulse trajectory.