界面位错的瞬态运动和界面裂纹的自相似扩展

本文首先利用Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ和Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ变换并结合Ｃａｇｎｉａｒｄ－ｄｅＨｏｏｐ反演方法求解了单个界面螺位错的瞬态运动问题，然后以单个位错由静止匀速运动的解作为基本解建立奇异积分方程求解了运动集中载荷作用下界面裂纹的反平面非对称自相似扩展，进一步由此解获得ｘｎ型载荷作用下界面裂纹自相似扩展的动应力强度因子     

含偏轴裂纹三维有限大体剪切型应力强度因子

采用能量差率方法，首次导出了含偏轴裂纹三维有限大体剪切型应力强度因子封闭解，根据此方法，可充分利用二维结果解决三维问题，由此所得的解答退化到对称情况时与现有结果符合得很好。同时本方法的计算效率很高。     

飞力试验盘的裂纹扩展寿命研究

本文用有限元和Ｊ积分相结合的方法，确定飞力轮试验盘裂纹尖端参量随裂纹尺寸的变化规律，并根据材料的断裂韧性确定临界裂纹长度，最后算出裂纹疲劳扩展寿命，计算结果与试验结果基本一致，本文提供的分析方法及计算程序在进行轮盘损伤容限设计分析方面有积极的参考价值。     

Direct radiative forcing from black carbon aerosols over urban environment

There is growing evidence that the earth’s climate is changing and will likely continue to change in the future. It is still debated whether these changes are due to natural variability of the climate system or a result of increases in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Black carbon (BC) has become the subject of interest for a variety of reasons. BC aerosol may cause environmental as well as harmful health effects in densely inhabited regions. BC is a strong absorber of radiation in the visible and near-infrared part of the spectrum, where most of the solar energy is distributed. Black carbon is emitted into the atmosphere as a byproduct of all combustion processes, viz., vegetation burning, industrial effluents and motor vehicle exhausts, etc. In this paper, we present results from our measurements on black carbon aerosols, total aerosol mass concentration and aerosol optical depth over an urban environment namely Hyderabad during January to May, 2003. Diurnal variations of BC indicate high BC concentrations during 6:00–9:00 and 19:00–23:00 h. Weekday variations of BC concentrations increase gradually from Monday to Wednesday and gradually decrease from Thursday to Sunday. Analysis of traffic density along with meteorological parameters suggests that the primary determinant for BC concentration levels and patterns is traffic density. Seasonal variations of BC suggest that the BC concentrations are high during dry season compared to rainy season due to the scavenging by air. The fraction of BC to total mass concentration has been observed to be 7% during January to May. BC showed positive correlation with total mass concentration and aerosol optical depth at 500 nm. Radiative transfer calculations suggests that during January to May, diurnal averaged aerosol forcing at the surface is −33 Wm² and at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) above 100 km it is observed to be +9 Wm⁻². The results have been discussed in detail in the paper.     

沿海近地层湍流特征分析

通过对杭州湾南北两侧共四个观测点近地层湍流特征分析发现:①湍流强度随风速增大而减小。低风速时,几乎与风速呈反比,高风速时基本保持为常数。可描述为:U≤U_0时,I_k=mk/U;U>U_0时,I_k=n_K。其中n_k=a_k/ln(z/z_0),mk=a_kU_0/ln(z/z_0)。a_x=1.0,ay=0.8,a_z=0.5。海岸附近,U_0=4m/s,深入内陆1.5千米以后,U_0=3m/s。②u_*/U=k/ψ(z/L)的 Businger 模式在海岸附近与观测结果吻合很好,在内陆,-1.0≤z/L≤0.3时二者吻合较好,在此范围以外,偏离较大。③不稳定条件下,水平风速标准差可用(?)描述,垂直风速标准差可用(?)描述。稳定条件下,可用(?)(?)描述。此外,稳定条件下,有σ_w/σ_u=0.48,σ_w/σ_v=0.59;不稳定条件下有σ_w/σ_u=0.53,σ_w/σ_v=O.67。     

航空发动机中热强合金组件的焊接与补焊

介绍了俄罗斯航空气体涡轮发动机中采用的热强合金组件的焊接性、焊接措施及在材料老化状态下的补焊要领。     

有机玻璃疲劳裂纹扩展表达式及控制参量

将用于建立金属材料疲劳裂纹扩展关系式的静态断裂模型引入有机玻璃裂纹扩展行为的研究中,得到了在近门槛区、中部区和快速扩展区都能较好地与实验结果相吻合的疲劳裂纹扩展速率表达式。该关系式揭示了疲劳裂纹扩展速率和应力强度因子与弹性模量、门槛值和断裂韧性之间的内在关系,式中不含无明确物理意义的待定系数,是较为完善的表达式。认为有机玻璃疲劳裂纹扩展的控制参量为 :有效应力场强度因子、门槛值与断裂韧性之比值及最大应力场强度因子与断裂韧性之差。     

基于光子集成回路的干涉成像技术

分块式平面侦察成像系统(Segmented Planar Imaging Detector for Electro optical Reconnaissance, SPIDER)是基于光子集成回路的干涉成像系统,是提高遥感成像分辨率,降低系统加工难度,减少系统体积、质量、功耗的有效手段之一。首先报告了SPIDER研究现状;并对其基本原理与组成进行了研究;建立了基于部分相干光理论的成像模型;研究了基于平衡正交检测的干涉条纹检测方法;分析了成像系统指标体系;最后对SPIDER成像能力进行了仿真验证。结果表明,SPIDER成像系统具有良好的成像效果,在遥感侦察、空间态势感知等领域具有良好应用潜力。     

粉末冶金涡轮盘裂纹扩展寿命分析

采用J积分方法建立了断裂力学有限元模型,对FGH95粉末高温合金标准紧凑拉伸(CT)试样的裂纹扩展试验结果进行了数值模拟,分析了材料的裂纹扩展规律。计算结果与试验结果吻合很好,表明了分析方法的准确性及可行性。将该方法加以拓展,建立了含有不同尺寸缺陷的粉末盘断裂力学有限元模型,并对其裂纹扩展寿命进行了评估。与传统预测方法相比,该方法将给出更为实际的结果,可应用于复杂构件裂纹扩展特性的工程分析。