Quantum dosimetry and online visualization of X-ray and charged particle radiation in commercial aircraft at operational flight altitudes with the pixel detector Timepix

We investigate the application of the hybrid semiconductor pixel detector Timepix for precise characterization, quantum sensitivity dosimetry and visualization of the charged particle radiation and X-ray field inside commercial aircraft at operational flight altitudes. The quantum counting capability and granularity of Timepix provides the composition and spectral-characteristics of the X-ray and charged-particle field with high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, high spatial resolution and particle type resolving power. For energetic charged particles the direction of trajectory and linear energy transfer can be measured. The detector is operated by the integrated readout interface FITPix for power, control and data acquisition together with the software package Pixelman for online visualization and real-time data processing. The compact and portable radiation camera can be deployed remotely being controlled simply by a laptop computer. The device performs continuous monitoring and accurate time-dependent measurements in wide dynamic range of particle fluxes, deposited energy, absorbed dose and equivalent dose rates. Results are presented for in-flight measurements at altitudes up to 12 km in various flights selected in the period 2006–2013.     

On the stabilizing effect of Solar Radiation Pressure in the Earth-Moon system

Solar sails change the natural dynamics of systems: Trajectories that are driven by gravitational forces can be displaced and changed because of the effect of Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP). Moreover, if the lightness number of the sail is large enough, the instability of certain orbits can be diminished and even removed. In this paper we modify two models for the motion of a probe in the Earth-Moon system that include the effect of Sun’s gravity to take also into account the effect of SRP. These models, the Bicircular Problem (BCP) and the Quasi-Bicircular Problem (QBCP), are periodic perturbations of the Earth-Moon Restricted Three Body Problem (RTBP). The models are modified to consider the effect of the SRP upon a solar sail. We provide examples of periodic orbits that are stabilized (or made less unstable) due to the effect of SRP.     

Estimation of Galactic Cosmic Ray exposure inside and outside the Earth’s magnetosphere during the recent solar minimum between solar cycles 23 and 24

The evidently low solar activity observed between solar cycles 23 and 24 during the years 2008–2010 led to a substantial increase in the Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) intensity in comparison with preceding solar minima. As the GCRs consist of highly-ionizing charged particles having the potential to cause biological damage, they are a subject of concern for manned missions to space. With the enhanced particle fluxes observed between 2008 and 2010, it is reasonable to assume that the radiation exposure from GCR must have also increased to unusually high levels. In this paper, the GCR exposure outside and inside the Earth’s magnetosphere is numerically calculated for time periods starting from 1970 to the end of 2011 in order to investigate the increase in dose levels during the years 2008–2010 in comparison with the last three solar minima. The dose rates were calculated in a water sphere, used as a surrogate for the human body, either unshielded or surrounded by aluminium shielding of 0.3, 10 or 40 g/cm².     

基于光敏树脂分析的3D打印加速度传感器设计

MEMS加速度传感器所采用的硅微机械加工技术存在个性化定制、小批量生产成本方面的不足，而3D打印技术的优势就在于无需模具的自由化定制、一机多用实现低成本产品生产，3D打印的发展趋势就是实现微纳尺度结构的制造。在此背景下，采用光固化立体成型技术设计了一种3D打印压阻式加速度传感器结构。传感器基底使用耐高温光敏树脂制作，并采用丝网印刷工艺在基底表面印制导电碳浆形成应变计结构。为此，首先对耐高温光敏树脂的相关热学与机械性能进行分析。通过测试，得到该光敏树脂固化后的起始分解温度等热力学参数。其次，通过控制光敏树脂紫外光固化时间，取得了较好杨氏模量和弯曲强度的树脂，且为该加速度传感器的结构仿真优化与制作工艺提供了必需数据与重要依据。除此之外，还对所设计的碳浆应变计结构进行了测试，得到了有效灵敏系数。通过以上工作，为最终实现3D打印加速度传感器的制作做好铺垫，助力3D打印技术与MEMS传感器技术相融合。     

端异氰酸酯预聚物在推进剂中应用研究

概述了在固体推进剂中引入端异氰酸酯预聚物的以提高推进剂力学性能。研究结果初步表明，端异氰酸酯预聚物不仅对改善和提高推进剂力学性能、尤其是低温伸长率有明显作用，而且对其它性能也有一定调节效果。     

A space radiation shielding model of the Martian radiation environment experiment (MARIE)

The 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft was launched towards Mars on April 7, 2001. Onboard the spacecraft is the Martian radiation environment experiment (MARIE), which is designed to measure the background radiation environment due to galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar protons in the 20–500 MeV/n energy range. We present an approach for developing a space radiation-shielding model of the spacecraft that includes the MARIE instrument in the current mapping phase orientation. A discussion is presented describing the development and methodology used to construct the shielding model. For a given GCR model environment, using the current MARIE shielding model and the high-energy particle transport codes, dose rate values are compared with MARIE measurements during the early mapping phase in Mars orbit. The results show good agreement between the model calculations and the MARIE measurements as presented for the March 2002 dataset.     

旋转形导体上任意取向线天线辐射场的探讨

对任意旋转平滑形导体上任意取向的线天线所辐射的扬进行探讨。采用了矩量法和傅里叶分析法,给出了导体感应电流谐量表示式,由此可求辐射场。进而以球体上任意取向赫芝振子为例求出辐射场,并与经典法公式计算结果比较,两者一致。     

环绕式微带共形天线辐射特性的研究

基于腔模理论和等效原理推导出环绕式微带共形天线远区场的表达式。根据该表达式算得的TM_(01)模天线方向图在相对介电常数较小时与文献〔3〕的结果相吻合。同时还研完了圆柱半径对天线方向图的影响。     

典型复合材料结构固化变形仿真预测与控制验证

针对典型复合材料结构固化成型过程中变形难以控制的问题,本文对典型复合材料结构的固化变形进行仿真预测,从固化工艺和模具补偿两方面对固化变形加以控制和验证。固化工艺方面以各设计点变形数据为基础确定了最优固化工艺曲线,模具补偿方面提出了一种构件有限元模型自适应调整的方法,综合考虑固化工艺参数与模具型面补偿采用了一种基于全局补偿量的协同控制方法。结果表明,通过仿真模拟L形构件的固化变形误差为12.4%,借助响应面优化算法得到的L形构件最优固化工艺曲线其固化变形预测值与各试验设计点最大变形的最小值偏差不超过3.3%;T形加筋壁板有限元模型经自适应调整后,对于下表面与目标型面之间的偏差距离,数值模拟值与试验测量值的最大相对误差为17.20%。通过全局补偿量的协同控制方法对半筒形壁板的模具进行补偿,其固化变形最大值相比于传统单一模具型面补偿控制方法降低了接近90%。