星载SAR模糊特性及其工程设计

分析了星载合成孔径雷达产生模糊的机理及其与系统参数的关系，叙述了在宽广可视观测带曲，达到较好图像模糊度特性的优化设计原则，并提出了星载ＳＡＲ模糊性能的工程设计方法。     

宽频太赫兹时域雷达系统

利用太赫兹雷达探测散射截面具有经济简便,宽频相参等技术优势。文章基于钛宝石飞秒激光振荡级为泵浦源的太赫兹时域频谱系统搭建了国内第一套太赫兹RCS雷达;利用该雷达测量了坦克模型在太赫兹波段的360°RCS分布;并将测量的太赫兹RCS结果进行了时域和频域的分析,初步探究和总结了太赫兹雷达的时域与频域RCS的主要特点。展示了太赫兹雷达技术在理论与应用方面的良好前景。     

铌掺杂ITO镀膜玻璃电磁散射特性试验

座舱玻璃镀膜是实现飞行器隐身技术的重要途径之一。利用雷达散射截面(RCS)均值增益研究铌掺杂ITO镀膜玻璃隐身性能;针对不同方块电阻的铌掺杂ITO镀膜玻璃,进行系列化RCS暗室测试,分析不同入射频率、极化方式的电磁散射特性。结果表明:方块电阻增大时电磁散射减弱,合适的方块电阻(小于40Ω/m~2)有利于实现座舱外形隐身,散射特性与金属接近,频率较高时,镜面散射波峰较窄。     

Investigation of vertical profile of rain microstructure at Ahmedabad in Indian tropical region

The microstructure of rain has been studied with observations using a vertical looking Micro Rain Radar (MRR) at Ahmedabad (23.06°N, 72.62°E), a tropical location in the Indian region. The rain height, derived from the bright band signature of melting layer of radar reflectivity profile, is found to be variable between the heights 4600 m and 5200 m. The change in the nature of rain, classified on the basis of radar reflectivity, is also observed through the MRR. It has been found that there are three types of rain, namely, convective, mixed and stratiform rain, prevailing with different vertical rain microstructures, such as, Drop Size Distribution (DSD), mean drop size, rain rate, liquid water content and average fall speed of the drops at different heights. It is observed that the vertical DSD profile is more inhomogeneous for mixed and stratiform type rain than for convective type rain. It is also found that the large number of drops of size <0.5 mm is present in convective rain whereas in stratiform rain, drops concentration is appreciable up to 1 mm. A comparison of measurements taken by ground based Disdrometer and that from the 200 m level obtained from MRR shows good agreement for rain rate and DSD at smaller rain rate values. The results may be useful for understanding rain structures over this region.     

一种窄边波导缝隙行波阵天线抑制交叉极化的新方法

提出一种抑制交叉极化的新方法,通过调整天线与地板的间距,使得交叉极化反射波与直射波相消,从而达到抑制交叉极化的目的。这种方法克服了传统方法的弊端,具有结构简单、实现方便、交叉极化抑制效果良好且对主极化方向图影响小的优点。理论分析、仿真结果与实测结果取得了一致。最终将交叉极化电平降低了6dB,证明了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

微波波段黑体定标源电磁特性优化设计的研究

对风云系列气象卫星微波成像仪、微波温度计热真空实验黑体定标源的电磁特性进行了仿真优化设计研究,优化目标为后向RCS最小以实现黑体法向发射率接近1。基于可跨越介质边界的亚网格时域有限差分法分别对方锥和圆锥金属基体在非涂覆和涂覆吸波材料为0.5~3.0 mm厚度,频率为10.65 GHz的情况进行了对比分析,圆锥的最佳涂覆厚度为1.5 mm,其后向RCS值明显优于方锥的最佳涂覆厚度2.5 mm达7.5 dBsm.在10.65 GHz频段内采用圆锥结构设计的黑体定标源可实现更高的发射率,同时由于最佳涂覆厚度比较薄,可以有效降低劈尖结构产生的温度梯度,实现定标源的温度均匀性。     

可重复使用飞行器再入控制系统设计

本文首先分析了可重复使用飞行器的控制结构,然后提出了一种智能变结构控制器,它可以使可重复使用飞行器控制系统克服现有方法的缺陷,无需大量的增益调节,而能自动适应非线性和强耦合的对象特性,并能适应大范围环境变化,减小对不同飞行条件下气动与结构参数的依赖性,自动补偿不确定因素和扰动的不利影响。最后通过simulink建模对控制系统进行了内外两回路协同仿真,验证了此控制系统能很好地跟踪输入,并且较好地解决了存在于变结构控制系统中抖振问题。     

Ground experiments of Chang’e-5 lunar regolith penetrating radar

The Lunar Regolith Penetrating Radar (LRPR) is an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) array-based Ground penetrating radar (GPR) onboard the lander of Chang’e-5 (CE-5) mission. The primary scientific objectives of the LRPR are to probe the thickness and structure of lunar regolith of the landing site, and support the drilling and sampling process. In order to evaluate the performance of the LRPR, a series of ground experiments are performed using the LRPR prototype mounted on a CE-5 lander model. The performance of the LRPR is evaluated by comparing the experimental data with the simulated data. Data processing and imaging method are verified, and the interferences from the lander and other aspects are analyzed. The results of the ground experiments and simulation demonstrate that the LRPR is able to meet the design requirement of 2-m detection depth. They also indicate that the upper and lower interfaces of the stratified structure in the lunar regolith can be well distinguished by the LRPR when the dielectric constant difference is greater than 0.3, and the imaging effect of the location under the dense antennas is better than that of other positions. However, the identification capability of the LRPR to the independent blocky objects is relatively poor mainly due to the clutters caused by the lander, the sparsity of the antenna elements compared to the size of the basalt block, the limited aperture of the antenna array, and the tail of the transmitted waveform.     

多层RAM涂层对任意入射角电磁波的反射特性分析

为了解决结构型吸波材料的分析和设计中所遇到的反射系数计算问题，从电磁场理论出发，导出了电磁波以任意角入射时多层雷达吸波材料（RAM）涂层的反射系数公式，此法简单易行，为结构型吸波材料的计算机辅助分析和设计提供了基础，同时给出了计算曲线的例子，通过实例计算分析了电磁波的入射角，极化状态等对反射特性和隐身效果的影响。     

基于峰值点的目标对准在MSTAR SAR图像分类中的应用

模板匹配的分类方法是合成孔径雷达目标识别的重要方法。研究了MSTAR SAR图像,指出图像中的目标峰值点本质上对应于实际物体的散射中心,并且在一定方位区间中具有稳定性。假设目标存在位置偏移的基础上,提出先利用目标峰值点对准目标,再生成模板和分类的思想。分析了方位区间中基准图像的选取及对准过程对模板生成和目标分类的影响程度。最后研究了同类变形目标间的分类,提出了峰值点特征增强成像、预分类、目标对准和正式分类的四步算法。结果证明,所提算法具有较高的分类精度和效率。