Comparison of mesopause region meteor radar winds,medium frequency radar winds and low frequency drifts over Germany

During 2004 and 2005 measurements of mesospheric/lower thermospheric (80–100 km) winds have been carried out in Germany using three different ground-based systems, namely a meteor radar (36.2 MHz) at the Collm Observatory (51.3°N, 13°E), a MF radar (3.18 MHz) at Juliusruh (54.6°N, 13.4°E) and the LF D1 measurements using a transmitter (177 kHz) at Zehlendorf near Berlin and receivers at Collm with the reflection point at 52.1°N, 13.2°E. This provides the possibility of comparing the results of different radar systems in nearly the same measuring volume. Meteor radar winds are generally stronger than the winds observed by MF and especially by LF radars. This difference is small near 80 km but increases with height. The difference between meteor radar and medium frequency radar winds is larger during winter than during summer, which might indicate an indirect influence of gravity waves on spaced antenna measurements.     

用于基带雷达引信的平面等角螺旋天线的特性与设计

通常希望一个天线的波瓣图和阻抗能在一个较工的频率范围内保持不变。我们将这一类称为非频变天线。平面等角螺旋天线是一这一类天线的典型例子。本文主要叙述了平面等角螺旋天线的宽频带特性和工作原理，并简要介绍了它的设计方法。     

天线雷达散射截面的分析与实验

本文利用天线散射的基本原理，以波导激励振子抛物面天线为例，计算并分析了天线的结构项散射雷达截面ＲＣＳｓ和模式项散射雷达截面ＲＣＳｅ，给出了此天线雷达截面的预估值。实验结果表明，理论预估值与实测值吻合较好，并且证明天线的模项ＲＣＳｅ大于结构项ＲＣＳｓ，天线总的雷达截面主要受天线模式散射的影响，减小模式项ＲＣＳｅ将有效地降低天线的雷达截面。本文结果为探索以克服天线模式散射为主的天线ＲＣＳ减缩技术提供了理论依据     

Radar Imaging of Mercury

Earth-based radar has been one of the few, and one of the most important, sources of new information about Mercury during the three decades since the Mariner 10 encounters. The emphasis during the past 15 years has been on full-disk, dual-polarization imaging of the planet, an effort that has been facilitated by the development of novel radar techniques and by improvements in radar systems. Probably the most important result of the imaging work has been the discovery and mapping of radar-bright features at the poles. The radar scattering properties of these features, and their confinement to permanently shaded crater floors, is consistent with volume backscatter from a low-loss volatile such as clean water ice. Questions remain, however, regarding the source and long-term stability of the putative ice, which underscores the need for independent confirmation by other observational methods. Radar images of the non-polar regions have also revealed a plethora of bright features, most of which are associated with fresh craters and their ejecta. Several very large impact features, with rays and other bright ejecta spreading over distances of 1,000 km or more, have been traced to source craters with diameters of 80–125 km. Among these large rayed features are some whose relative faintness suggests that they are being observed in an intermediate stage of degradation. Less extended ray/ejecta features have been found for some of the freshest medium-size craters such as Kuiper and Degas. Much more common are smaller (<40 km diameter) fresh craters showing bright rim-rings but little or no ray structure. These smaller radar-bright craters are particularly common over the H-7 quadrangle. Diffuse areas of enhanced depolarized brightness have been found in the smooth plains, including the circum-Caloris planitiae and Tolstoj Basin. This is an interesting finding, as it is the reverse of the albedo contrast seen between the radar-dark maria and the radar-bright cratered highlands on the Moon.     

空间微波交会雷达总体构想

结合我国载人航天工程未来发展的需要,分析了国外微波交会雷达技术的发展方向,提出了我国微波交会雷达的总体实施方案构想。     

一种测量雷达散射截面参数现场校准方法

雷达散射截面参数是测量雷达一项非常重要的技术指标,该参数的准确性直接影响雷达对被测目标隐身能力的判定。基于雷达散射截面参数有源定标技术、高精度雷达散射截面模拟控制技术、高稳定雷达散射截面回波信号合成技术等,实现对雷达散射截面参数的动态精确模拟,从而对测量雷达散射截面参数进行校准,通过外场条件下的量值传递,解决了测量雷达散射截面参数有源定标问题。     

Ground experiments of Chang’e-5 lunar regolith penetrating radar

The Lunar Regolith Penetrating Radar (LRPR) is an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) array-based Ground penetrating radar (GPR) onboard the lander of Chang’e-5 (CE-5) mission. The primary scientific objectives of the LRPR are to probe the thickness and structure of lunar regolith of the landing site, and support the drilling and sampling process. In order to evaluate the performance of the LRPR, a series of ground experiments are performed using the LRPR prototype mounted on a CE-5 lander model. The performance of the LRPR is evaluated by comparing the experimental data with the simulated data. Data processing and imaging method are verified, and the interferences from the lander and other aspects are analyzed. The results of the ground experiments and simulation demonstrate that the LRPR is able to meet the design requirement of 2-m detection depth. They also indicate that the upper and lower interfaces of the stratified structure in the lunar regolith can be well distinguished by the LRPR when the dielectric constant difference is greater than 0.3, and the imaging effect of the location under the dense antennas is better than that of other positions. However, the identification capability of the LRPR to the independent blocky objects is relatively poor mainly due to the clutters caused by the lander, the sparsity of the antenna elements compared to the size of the basalt block, the limited aperture of the antenna array, and the tail of the transmitted waveform.     

差分 GPS 鉴定地基雷达测量系统精度的方法研究

提出了利用差分ＧＰＳ分析地面雷测系统跟踪误差的思想,详细分析了各种误差源,建立了一组简洁的差分ＧＰＳ模型,构造了测量数据的比对分析算法以及具有良好抗野值能力的误差偏差最优统计算法,并利用模拟数据进行了仿真计算     

铌掺杂ITO镀膜玻璃电磁散射特性试验

座舱玻璃镀膜是实现飞行器隐身技术的重要途径之一。利用雷达散射截面(RCS)均值增益研究铌掺杂ITO镀膜玻璃隐身性能;针对不同方块电阻的铌掺杂ITO镀膜玻璃,进行系列化RCS暗室测试,分析不同入射频率、极化方式的电磁散射特性。结果表明:方块电阻增大时电磁散射减弱,合适的方块电阻(小于40Ω/m~2)有利于实现座舱外形隐身,散射特性与金属接近,频率较高时,镜面散射波峰较窄。     

RCS测试系统几何量参数综合校准技术研究

本文针对RCS测试系统的计量需求,阐述了RCS测试系统几何量参数校准技术研究情况。围绕雷达反射面型面参数、设备空间几何位置参数、定标体几何参数的有限目标开展了校准技术研究,研制了RCS测试系统的几何参数综合校准系统,并在国内几个典型的RCS测试系统进行了应用验证,初步建立了RCS测试系统几何量参数量值溯源体系,为国内RCS测试系统的量值统一、数据准确打下了坚实的技术基础。