基于DDS技术的雷达多普勒频率模拟器

介绍了两种采用直接数字合成(DDS)技术的雷达目标多普勒频率模拟器,在26位数字控制字的控制下,模拟器可以相参地产生高分辨率的多普勒频率信号。     

利用COSMIC掩星数据监测电离层的异常变化

分析了COSMIC掩星数据反演电子密度的方法,利用实例研究反演方法的特点,并采用ISR非相干散射雷达获取的电子密度数据进行验证,进而反演了长三角区域SHAO（IGS）站上空在日全食和太阳风暴期间的电子密度廓线图. 通过与平静日期间电离层电子密度进行比较,发现日全食及太阳风暴导致电离层发生的异常变化,从而提出COSMIC掩星数据反演电子密度在监测电离层变化时所具有的优势.     

磁损耗吸波涂层的损耗特性北大核心CSCD

为研究磁损耗吸波涂层的损耗特性,选取了两种羰基铁粉吸收剂及一种铁氧体吸收剂,采用同轴法测试了材料电磁参数,并计算了频率为1~18 GHz电磁波在吸波涂层中的衰减常数、相位常数和波长,考察了电磁波在吸波涂层中的衰减率,计算了吸波涂层对电磁波的输入阻抗和反射率。结果表明,厚度为2 mm的S型吸波涂层对频率为18 GHz的电磁波的衰减率达到-24.9 dB,电磁波能量下降为原来的0.3%。三种吸波涂层输入阻抗实部Re(Z_(in))最大值对应频率与反射率最大值对应频率值基本相等。输入阻抗实部Re(Z_(in))与自由空间中本征阻抗匹配性能不是决定涂层反射率的唯一重要因素。     

交会对接微波雷达大范围高精度测角算法

针对现有交会对接微波雷达测角算法不能同时满足远程与近程目标测量精度问题,提出了一种基于相差复矢量匹配的二维测角算法。在定义了目标函数基础上,利用相差复矢量的酉空间内积特性将二维角度估计问题等效为目标函数最大化的非线性优化过程,规避了线性算法近距离误差大的缺点。数值仿真、机载飞行试验和微波暗室试验都表明,该算法对近程、远程目标的测角精度优于0.12°,且易于实现,有较高的工程应用价值。     

应答接收机误码测试系统

应答接收机误码测试系统是在微波频段测试接收机误码率的测试设备.该设备由微波组件、编码组件、分析组件三部分组成,结构灵活、便于携带,适合外场测试;本系统可以模拟雷达发射信号、接收机输出信号,可以输出伪随码、固定码和各种轨迹数据,是应答机系统联试中重要的工具.描述了该测试系统的组成、原理、软件流程并给出应用结果.     

直升机目标的雷达特性分析

为了研究直升机目标的雷达特性,采用了理论分析、统计分析和性能指标体系分析的方法,对直升机与固定翼飞机、不同直升机之间目标的雷达特性进行了对比分析;建立了直升机的雷达特性统计模型,对统计特性结果进行了分析;采用性能指标体系分析的方法对旋翼调制特性进行了分析,得到了直升机目标的雷达特性影响因素和分布规律。其方法和结果可以作为直升机系统、防空武器系统和直升机靶标的设计参考。     

MF雷达观测的潮汐变化特征及与GSWM的比较

利用安装于Andoya Rocket Range(69.14°N,16.02°E)的3 MHz、窄波束中频雷达2006年7月14日至8月14日之间的观测数据,研究了潮汐的变化特点并与GSWM模式的结果进行了比较.结果表明,在78～94km潮汐的纬向和经向分量随着高度的增加都经历了由弱到强然后减弱的过程.这说明潮汐在上传过程中很可能与其他波动相互作用而发生不稳定,在不稳定区域上方又生成新的潮汐波继续稳定地向上传播,或者有重力波等其他波动在此区域沉积动量导致潮汐振幅增大.潮汐振幅除了在垂直方向上发生变化,它随着时间演化也表现出显著的短期变化特点,逐日变化强度有时可达到3倍左右.结合近来的研究结果,可以认为,重力波的不稳定和破碎也可能是造成这种瞬态变化的原因之一.与GSWM-00模式的比较说明, GSWM-00模式能够较好地预测出周日潮汐的振幅和相位,而对半日潮汐的预测结果并不理想.     

中法海洋卫星微波散射计在轨性能验证

中法海洋卫星（CFOSAT）微波散射计是国际上第一个旋转扇形波束体制散射计,通过优化雷达观测几何实现对地面目标多角度和多方位的高精度测量,提高海面风场、土壤湿度和海冰面积等地球物理参数的反演精度.根据CFOSAT卫星2018年10月发射以来的在轨测试数据,结合散射计系统特点,分析验证了星上定标数据和后向散射系数反演结果的正确性,并对CFOSAT首批科学数据进行了定量分析和系统评价.结果表明,CFOSAT散射计在轨工作状态良好,实际性能与设计预期一致,风速测量精度优于1.5m·^-1,风向测量精度优于15°,空间分辨率可达12.5km,在近岸风场监测、土壤湿度遥感和海冰面积估计等应用领域具有独特的优势.     

Characterizing slope correction methods applied to satellite radar altimetry data: A case study around Dome Argus in East Antarctica

Slope correction is important to improve the accuracy of satellite radar elevation measurements by mitigating the slope-induced error (SE), especially over uneven ground surfaces. Although several slope correction methods have been proposed, guidance in the form of stepwise algorithm on how to implement these methods in processing radar altimetric data at the coding level, and the differences among these methods need to be presented and discussed systematically. In this paper, three existing types of slope correction methods—the direct method (DM), intermediate method (IM), and relocation method (RM, further divided into RM1 and RM2)—are described in detail. In addition, their main differences and features for various scientific applications are analyzed. We conduct a systematic experiment with CryoSat-2 Low Resolution Mode (LRM) data in a physically stable area around Dome Argus in East Antarctica, where in-situ measurements were available for comparison. The slope correction is implemented separately using the three methods, with the latest high-accuracy Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA) as the a-priori topography model. The bias and precision of the slope-corrected CryoSat-2 data results from the RM2 is ?0.18 ± 0.86 m based on the comparison with the field Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data. The results from the RM2 indicate higher precision compared to those from the RM1. According to the correlation analysis of the slope-corrected CryoSat-2 data results (RM1 and RM2), the bias enlarges and the precision becomes worse when the surface slope increases from 0 to 0.85°. After a comprehensively comparative analysis, we find that the results from the RM1 and RM2 are superior in precision (0.93 m and 0.86 m) with respect to the GNSS data. The relatively low precision (1.22 m) from the IM is due to the potential error from the a-priori digital elevation model (DEM). The DM has the lowest precision (2.66 m). Another experiment over rough topography in West Antarctica is carried out for comparison, especially between the RM1 (precision of 15.27 m) and RM2 (precision of 16.25 m). In general, the RM is recommended for the SE elimination among the three methods. Moreover, the RM2 is firstly considered over smooth topography due to the superior performance in bias and precision, while the RM1 is more suggested over the rough topography because of the slightly smaller bias and better precision. The IM relies much on the accuracy of the a-prior DEM and is not usually recommended, because of the strict requirement in the sampling time between the radar altimetry data and the a-priori DEM to avoid any surface change over time.     

SAR干扰效果研究

研究了对干扰前不同图像质量的合成孔径雷达(SAR)的干扰效果问题。从干扰前SAR图像质量指标积分旁瓣比(ISLR)入手,提出等效信干比的概念,建立积分旁瓣比与等效信干比的关系,分析等效信干比与发现概率、错误概率的关系,最后确定不同图像质量所对应的所需信干比。