CBERS-1红外遥感器图像处理系统设计

红外多光谱扫描仪（IRMSS）是中巴地球资源卫星（CBERS）上的重要有效载荷之一。其获取的红外图像可以在国民经济的各个领域得到广泛应用。但是由数传系统传回的图像数据不能直接用,必须经过相应的处理。文章介绍的内容就是如何设计一个处理系统,将这种不可直接用数据经过解码和图像格式的处理,得到可视图像;经过图像预处理,得到零级图像;经过相应的辐射校正处理,得到一级图像:经过几何校正处理,得到二级图像产品,提供给其它经济各部门加以应用。     

Gas permeability and flow characterization of simulated lunar regolith

Recent discoveries of water ice trapped within lunar topsoil (regolith) have placed a new emphasis on the recovery and utilization of water for future space exploration. Upon heating the lunar ice to sublimation, the resulting water vapor could theoretically transmit through the lunar regolith, to be captured on the surface. As the permeability of lunar regolith is essential to this process, this paper seeks to experimentally determine the permeability and flow characteristics of various gas species through simulated lunar regolith (SLR). Two different types of SLR were compacted and placed into the permeability setup to measure the flow-rate of transmitted gas through the sample. Darcy’s permeability constant was calculated for each sample and gas combination, and flow characteristics were determined from the results. The results show that Darcy’s permeability constant varies with SLR compaction density, and identified no major difference in permeable flow between the several tested gas species. Between the two tested SLR types, JSC-1A was shown to be more permeable than NU-LHT under similar conditions. In addition, a transition zone was identified in the flow when the gas pressure differential across the sample was less than ∼40 kPa.     

Neuroimmune response and sleep studies after whole body irradiation with high-LET particles

In order to investigate the biological effects of galactic rays on astronaut cerebral functions after space flight, mice were exposed to different heavy ions (HZE) in whole-body conditions at doses comparable to the galactic flux: ¹²C, ¹⁶O and ²⁰Ne (95 MeV/u, at 42–76 mGy). Animals were also exposed to 42 mGy of ⁶⁰Co radiation for comparison with HZE. The neuroimmune response, evaluated by interleukin-1 (IL-1) measurement, showed that this cytokine was produced 3 h after irradiation by ¹⁶O or ⁶⁰Co. In contrast, neither ¹²C (56.7 mGy) nor ²⁰Ne (76 mGy) induced IL-1 production. However, immunohistochemical staining of ¹²C-irradiated mouse brain tissue showed 2 months later a marked inflammatory reaction in the hippocampus and a diffuse response in parenchyma. Sleep studies were realized before and after exposure to 42 mGy of ¹⁶O and 76 mGy of ²⁰Ne: only the ²⁰Ne radiation displayed a small effect. A slight decrease in paradoxical sleep, corresponding to a reduction in the number of episodes of paradoxical sleep, was manifested between 8 and 22 days after exposure. Exposure to ¹²C and ¹⁶O induced no changes either in cellularity of spleen or thymus, or in caspase 3 activity (as much as four months after irradiation). Taken together, these data indicate that the CNS could be sensitive to heavy ions and that responses to HZE impact depend on the nature of the particle, the dose threshold and the time delay to develop biological processes. Differences in responses to different HZE highlight the complex biological phenomena to which astronauts are submitted during space flight.     

会议筹备优化设计

根据代表回执的住房要求数据,通过曲线拟合估计出本届与会代表人数,定义了距离数量指标和代表满意数量指标,并对指标赋予权重,再利用线性规划,建立优化模型,得到应预定的宾馆及每个宾馆应预定的房间;对会议室的租借问题,将各分组会议分为三个级别,并根据其重要性赋予相应的权重,再结合与会代表总人数,求得各级别会议的与会代表人数,选定会议室;对租车方案,以租车总费用最少为目标函数,以租借三种类型作为约束条件,建立优化模型,利用Lingo软件编程求解。     

Radiosensitivity to high energy iron ions is influenced by heterozygosity for Atm, Rad9 and Brca1

Loss of function of DNA repair genes has been implicated in the development of many types of cancer. In the last several years, heterozygosity leading to haploinsufficiency for proteins involved in DNA repair was shown to play a role in genomic instability and carcinogenesis after DNA damage is induced, for example by ionizing radiation. Since the effect of heterozygosity for one gene is relatively small, we hypothesize that predisposition to cancer could be a result of the additive effect of heterozygosity for two or more genes critical to pathways that control DNA damage signaling, repair or apoptosis. We investigated the role of heterozygosity for Atm, Rad9 and Brca1 on cell oncogenic transformation and cell survival induced by 1 GeV/n⁵⁶Fe ions. Our results show that cells heterozygous for both Atm and Rad9 or Atm and Brca1 have high survival rates and are more sensitive to transformation by high energy iron ions when compared with wild-type controls or cells haploinsufficient for only one of these proteins. Since mutations or polymorphisms for similar genes exist in a small percentage of the human population, we have identified a radiosensitive sub-population. This finding has several implications. First, the existence of a radiosensitive sub-population may distort the shape of the dose–response relationship. Second, it would not be ethical to put exceptionally radiosensitive individuals into a setting where they may potentially be exposed to substantial doses of radiation.     

T cell regulation in microgravity – The current knowledge from in vitro experiments conducted in space,parabolic flights and ground-based facilities

Dating back to the Apollo and Skylab missions, it has been reported that astronauts suffered from bacterial and viral infections during space flight or after returning to Earth. Blood analyses revealed strongly reduced capability of human lymphocytes to become active upon mitogenic stimulation. Since then, a large number of in vitro studies on human immune cells have been conducted in space, in parabolic flights, and in ground-based facilities. It became obvious that microgravity affects cell morphology and important cellular functions. Observed changes include cell proliferation, the cytoskeleton, signal transduction and gene expression. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge of T cell regulation under altered gravity conditions obtained by in vitro studies with special emphasis on the cell culture conditions used. We propose that future in vitro experiments should follow rigorous standardized cell culture conditions, which allows better comparison of the results obtained in different flight- and ground-based experiment platforms.     

河北省计算机一级考试上机操作题考点总结与分析

河北省计算机一级考试是面向省内普通高校在校学生的计算机等级考试，是用人单位进行计算机操作水平认定的重要标准，在高校中备受重视。本论文首先分析了河北省计算机一级考试的特点，然后总结分析了2006-2008年度考试操作题的考点分布及变化趋势。最后提出了正确备考的建议和策略。     

Upwards migration phenomenon on molten lunar regolith: New challenges and prospects for ISRU

As part of our research on the feasibility of producing commodities from lunar regolith by thermal-driven processes with minimal terrestrial precursors we need to characterize, reproduce, and understand thermophysical properties of the molten regolith still unforeseen under the lunar vacuum conditions at a scalable sample size. Two unanticipated phenomena, apparently caused by lunar melt’s surface tension under vacuum, have been revealed in our research work, vacuum void formation and upwards migration. In this paper we present our findings and thinkable explanation on the upwards migration phenomenon experimentally observed and consistently replicated as JSC-1A lunar regolith simulant melted at high vacuum. Upwards migration of molten lunar regolith will make future lunar ISRU’s melting processes both challenging as molten bulk material would migrate upwards along the container’s walls, and also promising on new opportunities for alternative ISRU’s sustainable processes as regolith’s upwards migration takes place in uniformed thin-film pattern. Among the potential ISRU’s processes that might use controlled thermal thin-film-based migration without the necessity of terrestrial precursors are production of feedstock for 3D printing, fractional separation of regolith’s component’s (O₂, metals, and alloys) via pyrolysis, film coating, purification of valuables solid crystals including silicon, and fabrication of key elements for microfluidic, and MEMS devices. Thermal upwards migration phenomenon on JSC-1A’s melt is formulated and explained by the authors as due to thermal Marangoni effect (also known as thermo-capillarity) in which temperature gradients within the melt’s bulk and along the crucible’s wall yield the surface tension large enough to supersede the gravitational force and yield the experimentally observed upwards thin-film migration. As far as the authors know, upwards thermal migration of molten JSC-1A (or other lunar simulant regolith) under vacuum has not been reported in the literature. A thermal mathematical model accounting for thermal Marangoni effect on molten JSC-1A agrees with what experimentally was observed, the formation of the meniscus on the melt-wall surface interface along with an incipient upwards migration in thin-film pattern along the crucible wall that, according to the model, experiences large temperature gradient, an important factor to trigger the thermal Marangoni effect along with the fact that surface tension of the molten lunar regolith material is temperature dependent.     

基于可编程控制网关的一体化网络体系结构

当前IP网络和非IP网络长期共存,协议体系和通信体制互不相同,异构网络的互联互通困难.针对这个问题, 首先从异构网络间连接的关键节点——网关出发,通过将网关底层的数据转发和控制功能分离,并将网关上层的管控功能和应用服务功能抽取出来,提出了一种基于可编程控制网关的一体化网络体系结构.该系统结构将网络分为一体化网络协同管控单元、子网间可编程控制网关节点和异构子网3层,设计了基于典型异构网络的互联协议栈,以集成不同的网络协议.进一步在一体化网络构架的基础上,给出并分析了异构网络的抽象与描述、基于可编程网关的异构子网智能适配技术、一体化网络的资源管理与协同优化理论等关键技术.最后基于民用航空通信给出了一个异构互联示例,表明一体化网络体系结构的可行性.      

基于小波变换的卫星阻力系数分析

以不同弧长解算天宫一号空间实验室连续55天（d） GPS轨道数据得到卫星阻力系数Cd 序列,并对同期的太阳辐射通量 f 10.7 和地磁活动指数 ap,Ap序列高、低频多层小波分解。空间环境参量和Cd 序列各层信号滑动相关性的统计分析结果表明小波分解的阻力系数序列与对应的 f 10.7 ,Ap 序列整体具有很好的滞后相关性,验证了通过 f 10.7 ,Ap 预报 Cd 的可行性。对不同回归模型和回归分析样本序列长度n分析Cd预报值残差表明：采用f 10.7 一元回归模型,并取n20 d时, Cd 预报结果最优。另外,NRLMSIS-00模型在350km高度的中低纬度区域,地磁活动上升相响应过度,而下降相则响应不足;太阳辐射通量上升相响应适度,下降相响应过度。最后对应用前景进行总结,该方法对提高航天器轨道预报精度具有重要参考价值。