双级轴向涡流器文氏管长度对流场和喷雾特性影响

为了研究双级轴向涡流器文氏管长度对流场和喷雾特性的影响,通过数值计算和试验分别研究了4种文氏管长度的双级轴向涡流器方案的下游流场和匹配喷嘴的雾化特性。结果表明:随着文氏管无量纲长度由0.23增加至0.49,一级涡流器流量系数由0.98降至0.7,二级涡流器的流量系数保持0.75不变,涡流器出口旋流数由0.08增至0.48,旋流扩张角由闭合状态增至约90°,涡流器下游流场由反转回流区变为传统回流区。文氏管长度最短的方案的索太尔平均直径(SMD)和喷雾锥角受涡流器压降的影响较小,而其他方案的SMD和喷雾锥角受涡流器压降影响较大,且在相同涡流器压降和油压下,SMD和喷雾锥角随着文氏管长度增加而增大。      

CH4/正癸烷混合燃料燃烧特性

为研究CH4/正癸烷混合燃料的燃烧特性及燃烧稳定性,在定容燃烧弹中测量了初始压力为0.1MPa、初始温度为420K、当量比范围为0.8~1.5和甲烷摩尔分数为0~0.8时CH4/正癸烷混合燃料的火焰扩散速度、拉伸火焰传播速度、马克斯坦长度、无拉伸火焰传播速度和层流燃烧速度等,分析了甲烷摩尔分数对马克斯坦长度及层流燃烧速度等的影响。结果表明:当量比为1.3时,随着甲烷摩尔分数的增加,火焰发展末期,前锋面由网格形胞状结构发展为光滑球面,火焰稳定性增强;甲烷摩尔分数增加导致混合燃料马克斯坦长度随当量比增加而减小的趋势变慢,实验研究范围存在临界当量比,当量比小于1.2时,甲烷摩尔分数为0.8的混合燃料燃烧稳定性较差,而当量比大于1.2时,甲烷摩尔分数为0.8的混合燃料燃烧稳定性较好;当量比在1.0~1.3范围内,甲烷摩尔分数为0.2和0.4的混合燃料层流燃烧速度较快,而在实验测量当量比范围,甲烷摩尔分数为0.8的混合燃料层流燃烧速度较慢。      

Numerical simulation of compression corner flows at Mach number 9

A hypersonic vehicle encounters a wide range of conditions during its complete flight regime. These flight conditions may vary from low to high Mach numbers with varying angles of attack. The near-wall viscous dissipation associated with flows at combined high Mach and Reynolds numbers leads to significant wall heat transfer rates and shear stresses. The shock wave/boundary-layer interaction results in a flow separation region, which commonly augments total pressure losses in the flow and lowers the efficiency of aerodynamic control surfaces such as fins installed on a vehicle. The standard turbulence models, when used to resolve such flows, result in incorrect separation bubble size for large separated flows. Therefore, it results in an inaccurate aerodynamic load, such as the wall pressures, skin friction distribution, and heat transfer rate. In previous studies, the application of the shock-unsteadiness correction to the standard two-equation k-ω turbulence model improved the separation bubble size leading to an accurate pressure prediction and shock definition with the assumption of constant Prandtl number. In the present work, the new shock-unsteadiness modification to the k-ω turbulence model is applied to the hypersonic compression corner flows. This new model with variable Prandtl number is based on the model parameter, which depends upon the local density ratio. The computed wall pressures, heat flux and flow field are compared to the experimental data. A parametric study is carried out by varying compression deflection angles, free stream Reynolds number and wall temperatures to compute the flow field and wall data accurately, particularly in the shock boundary layer interaction region. The new shock-unsteadiness modified k-ω model with variable Prandtl number shows an accurate prediction of initial pressure rise location, pressure distribution in the plateau region and heat flux in comparison to the standard k-ω model.     

线搜索增强的率相关晶体塑性本构积分算法及数值实现

建立在晶体微观变形机制上的晶体塑性本构理论提供了研究细观尺度上晶体材料力学行为的理论与方法.在率相关晶体塑性本构积分方法中,Newton-Raphson(N-R)迭代方法往往是迭代求解剪切应变增量的核心算法.为了提高采用N-R迭代算法的晶体塑性本构积分方法的效率,在理论上采用线搜索方法对N-R迭代方法的迭代步长进行再规...     

环境条件对相机焦面影响的实验研究

环境条件,特别是温度和压力环境的变化,对相机焦面位置有很大影响,从而影响摄影照片的像质。文章用实验的方法定量地分析了温度和压力环境变化对相机焦面的影响。     

Spray characteristics of jet–swirl nozzles for thrust chamber injector

Thrust chamber injector is very critical component since that small differences in its design can result in dramatically different performance. This paper presents a preliminary investigation of a mono-propellant jet–swirl nozzle for thrust chamber using the existing commercial nozzle made of brass with little modification. The performance of two types of spray pattern, i.e. hollow cone and solid cone were investigated under cold flow test. Two solid cone injectors were studied at various purely axial orifice diameter with all other parameters remaining constant. This investigation reveals that decrease in the breakup length increased the spray angle. Higher injection pressure leads to shorter breakup length and higher value of discharge coefficient, except for hollow cone nozzle which shows mild fluctuating trend. Experimental data also tells that solid cone nozzle with diameter ratio 0.14 has the highest average discharge coefficient (0.60), followed by hollow cone nozzle (0.25). Solid cone nozzle with diameter ratio of 0.1 has an average discharge coefficient of 0.21.     

喷油嘴喷射方向偏离的影响因素

针对航空发动机润滑系统喷油嘴喷射方向的偏离问题进行研究.首先分析了喷油嘴喷射方向发生偏离的机理,然后通过计算流体动力学(CFD)的方法与软件,建立了喷油嘴喷油过程的三维数值计算模型,对不同入口速度和喷油嘴长径比条件下的喷射方向进行了多组计算与比较,得到了影响喷射方向偏离的因素及其影响规律.研究发现:喷油嘴入口处的径向速度分量导致了喷射方向的偏离,径向速度分量与法向速度分量之比越大,喷油嘴长径比越大,喷射方向偏离程度越大;对已定的喷油嘴入口速度或长径比,能够找到与之匹配的长径比或入口速度,使得喷油方向无偏离.      

合成射流微扰动对后台阶湍流分离流动控制的实验研究

后台阶流动是流体力学中一个经典的研究课题,代表着工程中一类横截面突扩的钝体绕流问题。后台阶流动分离会导致一些不利的影响,如高速旋涡的形成、流动损失、压力脉动以及气动噪声等。基于阵列式合成射流激励器对二维矩形后台阶湍流分离再附流动控制进行了研究,综合应用表面测压、七孔探针、粒子图像测速仪(PIV)和热线等多种实验手段,获取了后台阶的表面压力分布和非定常流场结构。结果表明:利用在台阶前缘形成的合成射流微扰动可使无量纲再附点长度降低25%,合成射流控制使得沿台阶下游的湍动能和雷诺应力增强,提高了台阶下游流场的混合效率。热线结果表明,频率是后台阶分离流动控制的重要参数,当频率为260 Hz,扰动频率与剪切层涡脱落频率之比为1.32时,合成射流控制可使位于1/2倍频的剪切层能量增强,仅需消耗较小的能量即可实现流动控制的目的。     

燃烧室轴向长度对旋转爆震发动机性能的影响

采用氢氧单步化学反应模型,对以当量比为1.0的氢气空气预混气为反应物的旋转爆震发动机（RDE）进行了数值模拟,系统研究了燃烧室轴向长度对RDE性能的影响.通过详细分析燃烧室进出口气体状态参数,揭示了燃烧室轴向长度对发动机影响的内在机理.研究结果表明:燃烧室轴向长度过短时,爆震波的形成不够充分;在发动机推力中,动量推力占主要部分;在计算的燃烧室轴向长度范围内,发动机的比冲为5410~5566s,燃烧室轴向长度对发动机比冲的影响较小.