飞翼布局飞机侧风起降特性

飞翼布局飞机的动态特性与常规飞机相差较大,在侧风起降过程中呈现出新的运动特性。对侧风起降过程中飞翼布局飞机的配平特性与响应特性进行了计算与分析,掌握了其区别于常规飞机的特点,侧风对飞翼布局飞机起降安全影响最严重为侧翻效应;结合新型操纵舵面的操纵特性与使用特性,对飞翼布局飞机起降阶段的效能需求开展了分析;通过对常用的侧风操纵策略进行了仿真计算与对比分析,提出了适用于飞翼布局飞机的侧风起降操纵策略。     

基于目标逃逸机动预估的空空导弹可发射区

为适应无人自主空战条件下对空空导弹火控解算的特殊需求,提出了基于目标机动预估的空空导弹可发射区问题。首先,基于导弹-目标追逃对抗策略,设计了目标机动预估模型,根据导弹与目标的相对方位信息,实现对目标逃逸机动方式的预估;然后,基于多种实际约束,构建了导弹运动动力学模型;最后,设计了基于黄金分割搜索算法的可发射区边界求解策略,实现对可发射区边界值的快速精确搜索。仿真结果表明,空空导弹对初始位置位于所提出的基于目标机动预估的可发射区内的目标,具有更大的命中概率;该可发射区更加适应近距空战中目标逃逸机动的剧烈态势变化,有利于导弹战术使用性能的充分发挥。      

Application of an evolution strategy in planetary ephemeris modeling

Classical planetary ephemeris construction comprises three major steps which are to be performed iteratively: numerical integration of coupled equations of motion of a multi-body system (propagator step), reduction of observations (reduction step), and optimization of model parameters (adjustment step). In future, this approach may become challenged by further refinements in force modeling (e.g. inclusion of much more significant minor bodies than in the past), an ever-growing number of planetary observations (e.g. the vast amount of spacecraft tracking data), and big data issues in general. In order to circumvent the need for both the inversion of normal equation matrices and the determination of partial derivatives, and to prepare the ephemeris for applications apart from stand-alone solar-system planetary orbit calculations, here we propose an alternative ephemeris construction method. The main idea is to solve it as an optimization problem by straightforward direct evaluation of the whole set of mathematical formulas, rather than to solve it as an inverse problem with all its tacit mathematical assumptions and potential numerical difficulties. The usual gradient search is replaced by a stochastic search, namely an evolution strategy, the latter of which is perfect for the exploitation of parallel computing capabilities. Furthermore, this new approach allows for multi-criteria optimization and time-varying optima. These issues will become important in future once ephemeris construction is just one part of even larger optimization problems, e.g. the combined and consistent determination of a generalized physical state (orbit, size, shape, rotation, gravity, $\dots$) of celestial bodies (planets, satellites, asteroids, or comets), and/or if one seeks near real-time solutions. Here, we outline the general idea and exemplarily optimize high-correlated asteroidal ring model parameters (total mass and heliocentric radius), and individual asteroid masses, based on simulated observations.     

具有直接侧向力的拦截导弹复合制导控制设计

针对大气层内直接侧向力与气动力复合控制拦截导弹,提出了一种基于输出稳定的复合制导控制策略。该策略同时考虑了末制导精度和弹体动态响应,首先根据末制导系统数学模型选择零效脱靶量和弹体角加速度作为系统评价输出,然后计算维持末制导系统评价输出在零点所需要的控制量,最后在考虑不确定性和外加干扰的情况下,扩展附加切换控制,使得系统评价输出能够在有限时间内到达零点并确保闭环系统稳定。仿真结果表明,利用所提复合制导控制策略,在制导末段拦截高机动目标时达到了很高精度。     

基于混合灵敏度的航空发动机切换控制系统设计

针对航空发动机工作安全边界,提出了一种基于切换控制的航空发动机控制系统设计方法.给出了切换控制策略的设计思路及切换稳定性的条件.给出基于混合灵敏度的航空发动机多回路切换鲁棒控制器设计方法,并构造了线性矩阵不等式.通过基于计算得到的控制器参数仿真表明,采用该切换方式相比于Min/Max切换方式消除了积分饱和在切换中延迟影响,提高发动机的动态响应能力及鲁棒性,同时可以保证切换的稳定性.      

星座设计中的安全性问题研究

如何避免星座中卫星之间发生碰撞是星座安全性设计需要考虑的重要问题,给出了预测星座中卫星发生碰撞的一种方法,提出保证星座安全性需要考虑的三个问题并研究了如何避免星座中工作卫星、备份卫星和寿命终止卫星与工作卫星发生碰撞的措施。     

基于协调变量的多导弹协同制导

 根据多导弹协同攻击的特点和要求,提出了一种具有一定通用性的双层协同制导结构。该双层协同制导结构由底层导引控制和上层协调控制组成。其中底层导引控制由分散于各个导弹的本地制导律来实现,上层的协调控制可通过集中式或分散式的协调策略来实现。基于该协同制导结构并针对多导弹同时击中目标这一特定协同任务,给出了一种具体可行的多导弹协同制导律。该协同制导律把具有导引时间限制的制导律和基于协调变量的协调策略相结合,具有控制能量的次优性,结构简单且具有解析解形式。数字仿真算例验证了其良好的性能。     

Three-dimensional cooperative guidance strategy and guidance law for intercepting highly maneuvering target

Cooperative interception of the target with strong maneuverability by multiple missiles with weak maneuverability in the three-dimensional nonlinear model is studied. Firstly, the three-dimensional nonlinear model of cooperative guidance is established. The three-dimensional reachable region is represented composed of lateral acceleration and longitudinal acceleration in the two-dimensional coordinate system. Secondly, the problem of the multiple missile's reachable coverage area is transformed into the problem of cooperative coverage. A cooperative coverage strategy is proposed and an algorithm for quickly calculating the number of required missiles is designed. Then, the guidance law based on the cooperative coverage strategy is proposed, and it is proved that cooperative interception of the target can be achieved under the acceleration limit. Moreover, the relations among the number of missiles, the initial array position of terminal guidance and the coverage area of the target’s large maneuver are analyzed. The dynamic adjustment strategy of guidance parameters is proposed to reduce the guidance error. Finally, simulation results show that multiple missiles with low maneuverability can achieve effective interception of target with strong maneuverability through the proposed cooperative strategy and cooperative guidance method.     

大功率船用柴油机起动性能试验研究

为了满足大功率船用柴油机的快速起动需求，针对船用柴油机的起动过程进行试验研究，总结了不同因素对船用柴油机起动性能的影响规律。试验结果表明：柴油机在起动初期，起动机退出时间应不早于共轨建压时间；喷油参数对起动性能的影响最大，占比超过48%，通过优化喷油参数可以大幅改善起动性能。对于大功率船用柴油机，采用低轨压、小油量起动，然后迅速切换至高轨压、大油量的喷油策略，可以使柴油机快速喷油并释放大量热量、有效缩短起动时间。     

Impact point prediction guidance based on iterative process for dual-spin projectile with fixed canards

The fixed canards configuration of a dual-spin projectile makes it difficult to apply the traditional guidance law. In this study, a modified impact point prediction guidance strategy based on an iterative process was developed for a class of dual-spin projectiles with fixed canards, to reduce the impact point dispersion. The guidance strategy is dependent on the modified projectile linear theory to rapidly predict the flight states and the impact point. For projectiles with control applied to the trajectory, the modified projectile linear theory method is known to achieve poor impact point prediction. To improve the prediction accuracy, improvements were made to the modified projectile linear theory by considering the products of the yaw rate and other small quantities. The guidance strategy is based on the iterative process for the continuous adjustment of the expected output of the roll angle of the course correction fuze, to minimize the direction error between the predicted impact point and target location. Studies were conducted on a model dual-spin projectile configuration to demonstrate the guidance details. The numerical simulations indicate that the proposed guidance strategy can effectively reduce the projectile impact point dispersion.