Conceptual design of near-space synthetic aperture radar for high-resolution and wide-swath imaging

Airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has the capability of high-resolution, and spaceborne SAR has the capability of wide-swath. Inspired by recent advances in near-space defined as the region between 20 km and 100 km, this paper conceptually designed near-space vehicle-borne SAR. The near-space vehicle-borne SAR has the synthetical advantages of the satellite and airplane platforms. By placing SAR transmitter or receiver in near-space vehicles, many functions that are currently performed with satellites or airplanes could be performed in low cost way. These advantages make simultaneous high-resolution and wide-swath SAR imaging possible. As such, this paper focuses on the role of near-space vehicle for high-resolution and wide-swath SAR imaging, and deals with conceptual performance, as opposed to technological implementation. The concepts, models and processing algorithms are provided. To further suppress the azimuth ambiguities and extend swath width, multiple beams in azimuth is applied. Furthermore, an example near-space vehicle-borne SAR is designed. It is shown that the use of cost effective near-space vehicles can provide the solutions that were previously thought to be out of reach for remote sensing scientists and customers.     

单组元脉冲推力器挤压和排气过程分析

高室压脉冲推力器使用可移动的喷注器,能够得到比供给压强高得多的燃烧室压强。为了分析其工作特性,建立了单组元脉冲推力器挤压和排气过程的数学模型,以硝酸羟铵(HAN)基单组元推进剂为例,采用四阶龙格-库塔法进行了求解。结果表明,燃烧室最大压强和平均压强都大于推进剂入口压强,而燃烧室内近似等容的燃烧过程是压强升高的原因。与所用推进剂、平均推力和面积比都相同的常规推力器相比较表明,脉冲推力器的真空比冲提高5 s,而喷管喉部面积减小89%,若两者喷管出口面积相同,则脉冲推力器的比冲将提高31.5%。     

二维爆震波数值模拟

针对爆震发动机的多维效应,利用CFD计算软件对单管脉冲爆震发动机进行了二维的数值模拟。以氢气和氧气混合物为例,仿真了爆震波在管内的传播过程以及传出管外后的流场情况。模拟所得的爆震波参数与文献中的计算结果和实验值基本一致,验证了模拟的正确性。爆震波传出爆震管后退化成一道激波,对该激波的流动情况进行了分析。     

双脉冲发动机EPDM软隔层黏超弹本构模型

三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）用于软隔层式双脉冲固体火箭发动机软质脉冲隔离装置（PSD）时,主要在Ⅰ脉冲工作时起到绝热抗烧蚀作用,同时保证Ⅱ脉冲能够可靠工作。根据橡胶类材料连续介质力学理论,建立了描述EPDM软隔层在有限变形下的黏超弹本构模型。模型由超弹部分和非线性黏弹性部分构成：超弹部分在Mooney-Rivlin模型的基础上进行了改进,使之能够描述大应变时的硬化现象;非线性黏弹性部分采用广义黏弹性模型,采用无量纲形式的KWW方程替代了传统的Prony级数,使得用2个参数就能预测较大应变率范围内的力学响应。利用万能材料实验机对EPDM软隔层进行了多步松弛实验和单轴等速率拉伸实验,然后根据实验结果,采用分步拟合的方法求出模型参数,利用所建立的本构模型对其余的实验结果进行预测并与实验结果进行比较,对比结果表明所建立的模型能较好地预测EPDM软隔层伸长比在800%以内的单轴等速拉伸响应。最后利用文献中的实验数据验证了所建立的模型能够较好地预测多种工况下的力学响应。     

Experimental study on pulse radar target probing in RFS based on interrupted transmitting and receiving

Radar target probing and measurement are challenging tasks for Radio Frequency Simulation (RFS) with pulse radar signal. Due to the long-time duration of pulse radar signal and the limited space of anechoic chamber, the reflected signal returns before pulse radar signal is fully transmitted in RFS. As a consequence, the transmitted and reflected signals are coupled at the receiver. To handle this problem, the Interrupted Transmitting and Receiving (ITR) experiment system is constructed in this paper by dividing the pulse radar signal into sub-pulses. The target echo can be obtained by transmitting and receiving the sub-pulses intermittently. Furthermore, the principles of ITR are discussed and the target probing experiments are performed with the ITR system. It is demonstrated that the ITR system can overcome the coupling between the reflected and transmitted signals. Based on the target probing results, the performance of pulse radar target probing and measurement can be verified in RFS with the ITR system.     

双脉冲固体火箭发动机脉冲隔离装置设计与试验

为提高固体火箭发动机的能量利用效率,设计了一种以堵板、塞子为主体结构的脉冲隔离装置(PSD),该装置不同于传统的PSD,堵板选材为钨渗铜,塞子选用聚甲醛(POM)、聚己内酰胺(MC)工程塑料,PSD组件以其简单的结构实现了对发动机燃烧室的分隔。通过水压试验,测试了不同材料塞子的爆破压力,对比理论计算的爆破压力值,发现其结果有良好的一致性;POM和MC材料可以承受20MPa以上的压力冲击,并在二脉冲工作时顺利打开,其中,POM的爆破压力为39.8MPa。试验结果证明,PSD在双脉冲固体火箭发动机中可行且具有优良的可靠性。     

脉冲调制对连续波载波单边带相位噪声的影响

论述了脉冲调制载波信号的基本概念 ,通过数学运算 ,从频域、时域分析了脉冲调制对连续波载波相位噪声的影响     

脉冲爆震发动机外流场数值模拟及实验

通过实验和数值方法,对脉冲爆震发动机(Pulse Detonation Engine,PDE)外流场进行了可视化研究。实验中采用YA-16高速阴影系统,拍摄了爆震外流场的时序阴影照片。对高温火团引发的氢气-氧气-氮气爆震过程和管内、外流场分布进行轴对称数值模拟,其中考虑了包含19个基元反应和9种组份的H2-O2-N2详细化学反应动力学机理。根据计算结果,由计算光学获得爆震外流场的时序计算阴影图。数值计算结果和实验结果基本一致,均形象地描述了管外流场的变化。根据实验和数值计算结果,详细地讨论了涡环和悬吊激波产生的动力学机理及其发展变化过程。     

脉冲爆震涡轮发动机性能计算

建立了一种基于爆震波ZND理论和循环分析的PDTE性能计算模型-ZND循环分析模型(模型-1)。将该模型及目前已有的推力壁模型(模型-2)分别与基于实验的PDC特性图模型(模型-3)进行对比,计算了模型PDTE的设计点性能,结果表明:模型-1计算得到的PDTE单位推力(FS)及单位燃油消耗率(sfc)的计算误差较模型-2分别减小了1.75%和4.04%,准确性有所提高。与需要大量实验数据的模型-3相比较,模型-1更简便,可用于PDTE性能的快速评估。应用模型-1计算了飞行状态改变时PDTE性能增益的变化趋势。     

CAS-DIS数字电离层测高仪系统研制

提出了将射频直接采样数字化的接收方式应用于数字电离层测高仪系统的设计方案, 并详细介绍了该方案在CAS-DIS (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Digital Ionosonde)电离层测高仪系统的应用, 给出了CAS-DIS电离层测高仪在中国武汉电离层探测标校试验场和武汉-北京斜向电离层探测系统中的实验结果. 观测结果表明, 采用本文提出的数字化方案设计的电离层测高仪系统性能优越, 且可以分别工作在垂直和斜向探测模式, 满足了电离层探测的多种应用需求.