A new approach for pulse amplitude measurement using Lagrange’s interpolation for radiation or particle detectors

In radiation detector signal processing, usually, the charge-sensitive preamplifier converts the small charge signal coming from the semiconductor-based detector into voltage form and then the signal is further amplified to measure the energy of the incoming radiation. The voltage pulse from a charge-sensitive preamplifier (CSPA) is amplified using a shaping amplifier which reduces the signal bandwidth. To achieve better energy resolution, precise measurement of the peak amplitude of shaping amplifier output is required. The signal processing methods are available in which the signal from the charge-sensitive preamplifier can be directly digitized using high-speed Analog to Digital Converters (ADC), and then further signal processing such as gain and shaping is carried out inside the Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). For multiple detector systems, digital signal processing methods are quite difficult to implement in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). In this context, The development of an alternative technique is initiated that uses a charge-sensitive preamplifier, shaping amplifier, low sampling analog-to-digital converter, and FPGA, where LaGrange’s interpolation technique is implemented in FPGA to precisely measure the peak of the analog pulse. In this paper, the comparison of the proposed method with other pulse amplitude measurement techniques is discussed. Results show that the implemented technique gives similar energy resolution compared to digital pulse processing and standard peak detector-based techniques.     

感应加热中功率延伸电缆结构形式的优选设计

在某些特殊工艺的感应加热中,感应线圈需要通过延伸电缆与电源连接.为了解决延伸电缆带来的功率损耗高的问题,分析了并行实芯导体结构、同轴空心导体结构和多束细漆包线密布结构等3种结构形式的电缆的功率损耗和回路电感储能的情况,并进行了试验测定与分析,结果表明,多束细漆包线密布结构电缆上的功率损耗最小,同轴空心导体结构电缆回路的电感量最小.据此,提出了以同轴空心导体结构为基本结构,内、外导体为多束细漆包线密布而成的延伸电缆结构形式.     

旋转帽罩电加热防冰瞬态过程研究

基于欧拉两相流理论,对旋转帽罩水滴撞击特性进行了数值模拟,提出了旋转部件表面对流换热计算方法,并基于改进Messinger结冰模型开发了旋转帽罩电热防冰计算程序,对旋转帽罩瞬态防冰过程进行了数值模拟研究.结果表明:旋转运动对旋转帽罩表面对流换热起到增强作用,且在供给相同加热热流密度时转速越大,防冰表面温度越低;防冰系统启动阶段,旋转帽罩表面会发生结冰和冰脱落现象,考虑结冰过程后系统的响应时间缩短;当电加热功率相同时,周期电加热防冰方式更为节能;当电加热能耗相同时,周期电加热方式系统响应更快.     

集中供暖住宅分户热计量系统设计分折

从主立管系统和室内管线系统两个方面介绍分户热计量系统的几种设计形式，并分析每种形式优缺点，同时指出了阀门、热表等附件设计安装要点。     

1980年5月21日—22日耀斑后冕拱(Post-flare coronal arch)的加热机制和稳定性

本文提出了快撕裂模加热是1980年5月21日—22日耀斑后冕拱长达10多小时的有效加热机制。作者计算了撕裂模所提供的能量和相应的增长率,并讨论了该冕拱的MHD平衡和稳定性问题,主要结论如下:1.对5月21日冕拱,当密度取1.6×109cm-3（实测值）时,剪切宽度α_α=1.8×108cm（冕拱小半径的十分之一）剪切磁场为18—32×10-4T,所对应的增长率为1.79×10-5s-1—2.66×10-5s-1,不稳定的增长时间为15.5h—10.4h,这组解与观测到的冕拱存在10多小时相符。所以,撕裂模是冕拱合理的有效加热机制。2.该冕拱之所以维持10多小时之久,除撕裂模加热与辐射损失平衡外,在力学上必须处于平衡态,其平衡条件为B_φ（冕拱轴向磁场）=2B_θ（冕拱的环向场）,和气压梯度dp/dr大于零。若冕拱满足该力学平衡条件,则利用能量原理可得到该系统对腊肠扰动、扭曲扰动、螺旋扰动均是稳定的。      

Investigation of thermal protection system by forward-facing cavity and opposing jet combinatorial configuration

 This paper focuses on the usage of the forward-facing cavity and opposing jet combinatorial configuration as the thermal protection system (TPS) for hypersonic vehicles. A hemispherecone nose-tip with the combinatorial configuration is investigated numerically in hypersonic free stream. Some numerical results are validated by experiments. The flow field parameters, aerodynamic force and surface heat flux distribution are obtained. The influence of the opposing jet stagnation pressure on cooling efficiency of the combinatorial TPS is discussed. The detailed numerical results show that the aerodynamic heating is reduced remarkably by the combinatorial system. The recirculation region plays a pivotal role for the reduction of heat flux. The larger the stagnation pressure of opposing jet is, the more the heating reduction is. This kind of combinatorial system is suitable to be the TPS for the high-speed vehicles which need long-range and long time flight.     

Locating Current Sheets in the Solar Corona

Current sheets are essential for energy dissipation in the solar corona, in particular by enabling magnetic reconnection. Unfortunately, sufficiently thin current sheets cannot be resolved observationally and the theory of their formation is an unresolved issue as well. We consider two predictors of coronal current concentrations, both based on geometrical or even topological properties of a force-free coronal magnetic field. First, there are separatrices related to magnetic nulls. Through separatrices the magnetic connectivity changes discontinuously. Coronal magnetic nulls are, however, very rare. Second, inspired by the concept of generalized magnetic reconnection without nulls, quasi-separatrix layers (QSL) were suggested. Through QSL the magnetic connectivity changes continuously, though strongly. The strength of the connectivity change can be quantified by measuring the squashing of the flux tubes which connect the magnetically conjugated photospheres. We verify the QSL and separatrix concepts by comparing the sites of magnetic nulls and enhanced squashing with the location of current concentrations in the corona. Due to the known difficulties of their direct observation, we simulated coronal current sheets by numerically calculating the response of the corona to energy input from the photosphere, heating a simultaneously observed Extreme Ultraviolet Bright Point. We did not find coronal current sheets at separatrices but at several QSL locations. The reason is that, although the geometrical properties of force-free extrapolated magnetic fields can indeed hint at possible current concentrations, a necessary condition for current sheet formation is the local energy input into the corona.     

脉冲爆震发动机扩焰器试验研究

为使燃用液体燃料的大管径气动阀式脉冲爆震发动机点火及起爆成功,设计了多种结构的强化燃烧装置.包括半V型扩焰器、环型扩焰器和环型＋径向扩焰器.通过多种不同结构扩焰器在脉冲爆震发动机上的试验结果表明,采用各种强化燃烧装置后,能显著提高点火成功率,加速紊流火焰的传播,且带径向的扩焰器较之环型的扩焰器,更能有效缩短DDT距离,但带来的阻力损失增加.     

基于离子电流的爆震波压力非线性模型

为了实现爆震波压力的软测量,依据碳氢焰离子形成原理及爆震波高速传播的特点,在分析爆震波离子形成机理的基础上,根据爆震波离子电流与压力信号的相似性,提出基于离子电流的爆震波压力非线性模型建模思路。采用RBF网络建立爆震波非线性模型,并给出网络结构、样本选取原则和预处理方法。开展了单次脉冲爆震试验,利用试验数据建立该压力非线性模型,并通过试验数据和模型输出的对比校核模型的有效性和准确性。     

爆震管内扰流片对爆震波影响的数值分析

为了研究扰流片对两相爆震过程中燃烧转爆震的影响,建立两相低雷诺数湍流爆震模型,应用二维粘性CE/SE方法进行数值求解。结果表明,爆震波压力计算值与实验压力值符合得较好,扰流片的存在能显著缩短燃烧转爆震的时间;且对一固定尺寸的爆震管,扰流片的片数和间距都存在最佳值,使得燃烧转爆震时间最短。