高超声速飞行器参数化几何建模方法与外形优化

飞行器几何建模是进行外形优化设计的基础,针对尺寸和形状驱动的飞行器外形参数化几何建模要求,采用类型函数/形状函数变换技术,建立面向族的参数曲面,通过调整少量尺寸参数或类型函数/形状函数控制参数,可以衍生出多种设计构型,且相互转换十分便捷。相比现有CAD和二次曲线建模方法,在模型简化和设计变量数量有效控制方面具有优势。升力体和乘波体两种典型布局飞行器的外形建模与应用表明方法简单、有效、适应性强,可以满足飞行器概念设计阶段外形优化的要求。     

形态仿生飞行器研制进展及关键技术

从大自然中生物的形态汲取灵感,对优秀的气动外形加以模仿和借鉴,从而获得更好的飞行性能,是形态仿生飞行器设计的基本思路。本文介绍了形态仿生飞行器的研制背景,分析了形态仿生“自上而下”和“自下而上”两种研究过程;按照仿鸟飞行器、仿鱼飞行器和其他仿生飞行器的类别分别介绍了形态仿生飞行器当前发展现状;探究了外形特征的提取方法,参照生物优良特性解决飞行器设计过程中的问题,仿生飞行器气动参数的辨识等关键技术,并对形态仿生飞行器的未来发展趋势进行了归纳总结。本文研究的内容对于形态仿生飞行器的设计具有一定的参考意义。     

类水滴进口高超声速内收缩进气道设计及数值研究

采用压升规律可控的轴对称基准流场,结合流线追踪及截面渐变等技术设计了类水滴进口转圆形出口高超内收缩进气道构型,在设计点和接力点进行了数值模拟,并和设计参数相同的矩形转圆形内收缩进气道进行了比较.结果表明:设计点和接力点两者总体性能相当,类水滴进口进气道出口流场较均匀,并且具有更好的起动性能.此外,类水滴进口的几何非对称性造成了进气道整个流场结构的非对称.      

CST气动外形参数化方法研究

 类别形状函数变换(CST)方法是通过类别函数和形状函数来表示几何外形的新型气动外形参数化方法。通过考察参数化过程线性系统的条件数以及对翼型的表示误差,研究了Bernstein多项式阶数(BPO)对CST方法单值性和精度的影响,并将CST方法与B样条法、Hicks-Henne法和参数化翼型(PARSEC)法的参数数量和表示精度进行了对比。使用基于CST参数化方法的远场组元(FCE)激波阻力优化方法对超声速机翼进行外形优化,优化后的机翼其激波阻力降低达61%。研究结果表明:CST方法具有参数少,精度高的优点;为保证表示精度,同时避免病态参数化过程,应使用4阶以上、10阶以下的Bernstein多项式定义形状函数。     

Energy Conversion Efficiency of Rainbow Shape Piezoelectric Transducer

With the aim to enhance the energy conversion efficiency of the rainbow shape piezoelectric transducer, an analysis model of energy conversion efficiency is established based on the elastic mechanics theory and piezoelectricity theory. It can be found that the energy conversion efficiency of the rainbow shape piezoelectric transducer mainly depends on its shape parameters and material properties from the analysis model. Simulation results show that there is an optimal length ratio to generate maximum energy conversion efficiency and the optimal length ratios and energy conversion efficiencies of beryllium bronze substrate transducer and steel substrate transducer are (0.65, 2.21%) and (0.65, 1.64%) respectively. The optimal thickness ratios and energy conversion efficiencies of beryllium bronze substrate transducer and steel substrate transducer are (1.16, 2.56%) and (1.49, 1.57%) respectively. With the increase of width ratio and initial curvature radius, both the energy conversion efficiencies decrease. Moreover, beryllium bronze flexible substrate transducer is superior to the steel flexible substrate transducer.     

防热大底外形对火星探测器气动特性的影响分析

采用基于等效比热比的数值模拟方法,研究球锥和球头两种类型的火星进入探测器防热大底形状。对于每种外形分析关键几何参数对探测器基本气动性能的影响,并比较两类防热大底形状气动特性的差异。与球头形状的防热大底布局相比,球锥形状的防热大底布局一般阻力更大,对流加热量也更大,气动稳定性裕度更小。研究结果表明,从气动性能的角度来讲,70°半锥角的球锥防热大底布局对于火星进入探测器的设计而言并非最优的选择,适当设计的球头防热大底布局能够具有更好的性能。     

双U形管束换热器压降和热效率模型实验

在低速风洞上实验研究了双U形管束换热器压降特性以及热效率,着重对比了U形管截面形状和换热器安装角的影响.结果表明:在相同的U形管管内平均速度下,椭圆管换热器的管内压降高于圆管换热器,在较高的管内平均速度下两者的差异更为明显;对于外部流动,换热器安装角增大所诱导的外部流动压降显著增加,在较小的换热器安装角下,椭圆管换热器的管外压降略大于圆管换热器,而在较大的换热器安装角下,椭圆管换热器的管外压降则显著低于圆管换热器;安装角为30°的换热器传热系数较安装角为10°时可以提高约50%,在密流比为0.4时,椭圆管换热器的热效率相对于圆管换热器约有6%的增加.      

智能抛物面天线分层序列最优控制

为了保证大型天线结构的精度,可采用智能结构控制天线形变规律。这样可以大大降低结构的重量并使结构具有更高的形状精度。为使智能天线结构处于最佳工作状态,针对智能抛物面天线结构,建立了以反射面的半光程差的平方和为首要目标,以作动器能耗最小为次要目标的分层优化模型,优化模型同时考虑结构强度约束和作动器性态约束。模型转化为两个序列二次规划问题进行求解,实现了对智能抛物面天线的准静态形状最优控制。对某6米天线结构进行了最优调控和讨论。按该模型进行调控,可以使天线在任意方向的任意载荷下实现保型调控,并使调控能耗最小。表明可以用较少的作动器实现大型天线结构的高精度控制。     

基于响应传递比的转子叶片动应变重构

提出基于响应传递比的转子叶片动应变重构方法,从系统应变频响特性出发,在频域获得应变-应变响应传递比关于模态振型的解析表达式,建立叶片已知测点应变与不可测位置应变的映射关系;开展高速旋转叶片动应变测量实验,建立叶片有限元模型,并采用转子叶片前4阶固有频率的实验结果修正有限元模型;开展考虑转速影响的转子叶片模态分析,提取对...     

Effect of the protrusion shape on gas ingestion of two sealing structures

The windage loss caused by protrusion in a rotor–stator cavity has been studied in detail, and there are abundant fitting formulas that have been summarized to calculate the moment coefficients. Some other theorists have emphasized its effect on the sealing efficiency, proposing that installation of protrusion could alleviate gas ingestion. However, the protrusion shape which is an influential factor on the sealing efficiency has not been focused in previous research. Using the experimental method of measuring CO₂ volume fraction, cavity pressure, and power consumption, we investigated the effects of several typical protrusion shapes on various parameters for two sealing structures, in order to obtain the optimal shape. Results showed that a variation of the protrusion shape had little impact on the static pressure, but the total pressure and the sealing efficiency increased in different degrees. Furthermore, even though the hexagon shape resulted in the highest sealing efficiency, we observed that the drop shape had the best overall performance in all of the eight models, which could result in higher efficiency of the turbine cavity. The combination of a radial seal structure and protrusion could improve sealing efficiency better.