对一种利用人造粉尘清除空间碎片新方法的理论分析

近地轨道的空间碎片污染日益严重,目前碎片数量已达到历史最高值并可能引发一系列连锁反应.进行主动碎片清除十分必要.利用粉尘主动清除近地轨道空间碎片是一种主动碎片清除的新方法.本文基于此方法的基本原理进行分析研究,建立了单颗碎片与人造粉尘作用的基本假设和机理模型,并对其作用进行定量计算分析;结合碎片的空间密度分布,对该方法的作用效果进行了定量估算,得出一些基本分析结论,有助于对新方法的客观认识.     

Energy principle and material removal sequence optimization method in machining of aircraft monolithic parts

In the machining process of aircraft monolithic parts, the initial residual stress redistribution and structural stiffness evolution often lead to unexpected distortions. On the other hand,the stress redistribution and stiffness reduction during the machining process depend on the material removal sequence. The essence of the stress redistribution is releasing the initial elastic strain energy. In the present study, the influence of the material removal sequence on the energy release is studied....     

Area-oriented coordinated trajectory planning of dual-arm space robot for capturing a tumbling target

The growing amount of space debris poses a threat to operational spacecraft and the long-term sustainability of activities in outer space. According to the orbital mechanics, an uncontrolled space object will be tumbling, bringing great challenge to capture and remove it. In this paper, a dual-arm coordinated ‘‘Area-Oriented Capture"(AOC) method is proposed to capture a non-cooperative tumbling target. Firstly, the motion equation of the tumbling target is established, based on which, the dynamic properties are analyzed. Then, the ‘‘Area-Oriented Capture"concept is presented to deal with the problem of large pose(position and attitude) deviation and tumbling motion. An area rather than fixed points/devices is taken as the object to be tracked and captured. As long as the manipulators' end-effectors move to a specified range of the objective areas(not fixed points on the target, but areas), the target satellite will be hugged by the two arms.At last, the proposed method and the traditional method(i.e. fixed-point oriented capture method)are compared and analyzed through simulation. The results show that the proposed method has larger pose tolerance and takes shorter time for capturing a tumbling target.     

MBD技术发展及在航空制造领域的应用

作为新一代产品定义技术,基于模型定义(Model-Based Definition,MBD)将设计、制造、检验等制造过程中的全部信息集成于一个综合的产品模型中,并使之成为贯穿制造全过程乃至产品全生命周期的唯一数据源,从而为推进数字化环境下的设计制造检验一体化提供有力支撑.回顾了产品定义方法的发展历史,分析了MBD技术的发展及在航空制造领域的应用现状,探讨了MBD技术的发展方向.     

一种提高景像匹配算法抗灰度畸变能力的方法

为了有效消除巡航导弹景像匹配中制导图度畸变对匹配精度的影响，在定性分析制导图灰度畸变数学误差模型的基础上，给出了图像灰度最小化的定义及实现方法，通过对制导图的灰度最小化预处理，提高了匹配算法的抗灰度畸变能力。结合经典的灰度归一化积相关景像匹配算法，分析并验证了这一处理方法的可行性及有效性。     

L׳ADROIT – A spaceborne ultraviolet laser system for space debris clearing

Small (1–10 cm) debris in low Earth orbit (LEO) are extremely dangerous, because they spread the breakup cascade. Pulsed laser active debris removal using laser ablation jets on target is the most cost-effective way to re-enter the small debris. No other solutions address the whole problem of large (~100 cm, 1 t) as well as small debris. Physical removal of small debris (by nets, tethers and so on) is uneconomical because of the energy cost of matching orbits. In this paper, we present a completely new proposal relative to our earlier work. This new approach uses rapid, head-on interaction in 10–40 s rather than 4 minutes, using 20–40 kW bursts of 100 ps, 355 nm UV pulses from a 1.5 m diameter aperture on a space-based station in LEO. The station employs “heat-capacity” laser mode with low duty cycle to create an adaptable, robust, dual-mode system which can lower or raise large derelict objects into less dangerous orbits, as well as clear out the small debris in a 400-km thick LEO band. Time-average laser optical power is less than 15 kW. The combination of short pulses and UV wavelength gives lower required fluence on target as well as higher momentum coupling coefficient. An orbiting system can have short range because of high interaction rate deriving from its velocity through the debris field. This leads to much smaller mirrors and lower average power than the ground-based systems we have considered previously. Our system also permits strong defense of specific assets. Analysis gives an estimated cost less than $1 k each to re-enter most small debris in a few months, and about 280 k$ each to raise or lower 1-ton objects by 40 km. We believe it can do this for 2000 such large objects in about four years. Laser ablation is one of the few interactions in nature that propel a distant object without any significant reaction on the source.     

Tethered towing using open-loop input-shaping and discrete thrust levels

Asteroid retrieval, satellite servicing, and debris removal concepts often rely on a thrusting vehicle to redirect and steer a passive object. One effective way to tow the object is through a tether. This study employs a discretized tether model attached to six degree-of-freedom end bodies. To reduce the risk of a post-burn collision between the end bodies, discrete thrust input shaping profiles are considered including a Posicast input and a bang-off-bang thrust profile. These input shaping techniques attain desirable collision avoidance performance by inducing a tumbling or gravity gradient motion of the tethered formation. Their performance is compared to an earlier frequency notched thruster profile.     

金属粉末燃烧装置凝相产物反弹特性实验研究

为获得金属粉末燃烧装置燃烧产物的反弹特性，进而为金属凝相燃烧产物收集装置的设计提供指导，在收集并分析了铁粉燃烧产物特性的基础上，搭建了壁面碰撞反弹装置，开展了凝相燃烧产物与石墨板反弹特性实验研究，获得了铁粉燃烧产物与石墨板碰撞反弹后的法向反弹系数（en）与切向反弹系数（et）随粒子入射速度、入射角度的影响规律，并拟合了反弹系数多项式。结果表明：真实燃烧产物实验条件下，铁粉凝相燃烧产物的入射速度对en和et影响不显著，但入射角度对en和et的影响较大，表现为en随入射角度的增加而增大，et随入射角度的增加先减后增，但增幅较小，当入射角度大于58°时，et又出现减小的趋势。     

浅谈机队发动机换发计划管理

航空公司机队发动机换发计划管理是发动机工程管理的有机组成部分，换发计划管理需要细致考量影响的因素，并结合实际进行优化调整。     

面向产品开发活动的细胞交互模型研究

为实现产品开发活动交互的自主性和多样性,更好地支持产品开发过程管理与优化,在对细胞的交互机理、物质能量及信息的输入输出渠道研究的基础上,基于Petri网构建了面向产品开发的细胞交互元模型,给出了模型的定义及变迁规则.以汽车油泵单向阀测试装置开发过程为实例,验证了建模方法的有效性.