自适应预测补偿的迭代制导方法及其应用研究

针对迭代制导完成后入轨参数或终端程序角修正问题,研究一种基于模型参考的自适应预测补偿迭代制导算法在运载火箭上的应用。该算法在经典迭代制导算法的基础上,根据预测的迭代终端程序角和飞行视加速度的参考模型,对关机点参数进行补偿,依据补偿后的终端指标重新规划飞行轨迹,进而得出满足入轨参数或终端程序角偏差修正的制导指令,提升迭代制导对入轨参数偏差或终端程序角的修正能力。此外,阐述了经典迭代制导的基本算法,概括了自适应预测补偿迭代制导算法的基本原理,并以大推力直接入轨、终端程序角大偏差以及满足终端程序角约束为例,给出相应工况的自适应预测补偿的迭代制导算法。仿真结果表明：该算法对入轨参数和终端程序角偏差具有一定的修正能力。     

基于改进PSO算法的PID控制器参数优化

针对PID控制器参数设计问题,提出了一种基于改进PSO算法的优化方法。该方法将初始的粒子群分成两组搜索方向相反、相互协同的主、辅子群,在保持种群小规模情况下,增强算法全局探索能力,实现高精度的优化结果。仿真结果表明,该方法相比于传统算法,所得到的控制器参数使控制系统获得了更好的动态响应特性和满意的控制效果。     

空间推进系统铝合金组件激光焊阈值特性

为解决空间推进系统直属组件轻量化需求,对新采用的铝合金材料进行了激光焊阈值特性研究。结果表明,铝合金激光焊阈值区间与焊接速度和离焦量的绝对值正相关,但正向变化幅度远低于不锈钢、镍合金和钛合金等材料。对于光束质量不同的激光焊机来说,光束的焦斑直径越小,实焦焊时阈值区间越低;光束的发散角越小,相同离焦量下阈值区间越低。在-12°～12°内,铝合金激光焊阈值区间与入射角无关。保护气的吹送方向和吹送速度基本不改变铝合金激光焊的阈值区间,此特性与不锈钢等材料略有区别。     

用CT值推导人体组织属性参数的方法及改进

蒙特卡罗方法是计算精度最高的人体组织剂量计算方法。常见的蒙特卡罗模拟程序,如M CNP,EG S4等都自带了各种介质的截面数据,而剂量计算的一个重要步骤就是得到人体组织的属性参数——质量密度和化学组成。本文主要介绍了两种根据医学影像CT值推导人体组织属性参数的方法——区间法和两分法,并经过分析比较认为两分法比区间法具有更高的精确度和可行性。同时,针对两分法存在的不足和缺陷,本文将CT值全范围划分为七段,根据两分法的假设条件假设每一段均由两种不同的人体组织混合而成。在每一段CT值范围内,人体组织的质量密度和化学组成通过对两种假定物质参数的拟合得到。结果说明该方法所得到的人体组织属性参数完全可以满足蒙特卡罗人体组织剂量计算的要求。     

环境参数对飞机防冰热载荷的影响规律

为在飞机热气防冰系统设计过程中准确计算防护表面的防冰热载荷,以某飞机翼段模型为例,对防冰热载荷计算开展了研究,给出了计算流程,研究了来流速度、高度、温度、液态水含量和水滴直径等环境参数变化对翼段表面热载荷分布规律的影响.研究结果表明:①热载荷主要分布在机翼前缘,且越靠近翼尖部分热载荷数值越大,热载荷曲线呈现中间低两边高...     

Orbit determination of BeiDou navigation satellite system maneuvered satellites based on instantaneous velocity pulses parameters

The BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) comprises geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites as well as inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) and medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites. Owing to their special orbital characteristics, GEO satellites require frequent orbital maneuvers to ensure that they operate in a specific orbital window. The availability of the entire system is affected during the maneuver period because service cannot be provided before the ephemeris is restored. In this study, based on the conventional dynamic orbit determination method for navigation satellites, multiple sets of instantaneous velocity pulses parameters which belong to one of pseudo-stochastic parameters were used to simulate the orbital maneuver process in the orbital maneuver arc and establish the observed and predicted orbits of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites of BeiDou regional navigation satellite system (BDS-2) and BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3). Finally, the single point positioning (SPP) technology was used to verify the accuracy of the observed and predicted orbits. The orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered satellites can be greatly improved by using the orbit determination method proposed in this paper. The overlapping orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered GEO satellites of BDS-2 and BDS-3 can improve 2–3 orders of magnitude. Among them, the radial orbit determination accuracy of each maneuvered satellite is basically better than 1 m. simultaneously, the combined orbit determination of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites does not have a great impact on the orbit determination accuracy of the non-maneuvered satellites. Compared with the multi GNSS products (indicated by GBM) from the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), the impact of adding the maneuvered satellites on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-2 satellites is less than 9 %. Furthermore, the orbital recovery time and the service availability period are significantly improved. When the node of the predicted orbit is traversed approximately 3 h after the maneuver, the accuracy of the predicted orbit of the maneuvered satellite can reach that of the observed orbit. The SPP results for the BDS reached a normal level when the node of the predicted orbit was 2 h after the maneuver.     

激光选区熔化成型316L不锈钢工艺参数研究

针对激光选区熔化成型316L不锈钢工艺参数选择问题,采用单因素条件变量分析法,在激光选区熔化过程中,分析了激光功率、扫描速度对316L不锈钢成型零件表面粗糙度、致密度、硬度和尺寸偏差的影响规律。结果表明：当激光功率降低或者扫描速度提高时,内部能量密度减小,粉末熔化量减少,试样表面球化效应增强,孔隙缺陷增多,试样致密度减小、硬度降低;当激光功率提高或者扫描速度降低时,内部能量密度增大,粉末被过度烧蚀,产生较大的尺寸偏差,所形成熔道易塌陷,导致层间结合较差,试样性能降低。当激光功率为300 W、扫描速度为1000 mm/s时,能量密度适中,形成了较好的冶金结合,抗拉强度可达753 MPa,上表面硬度HRB能达到97.22。该项研究为316L不锈钢激光选区熔化工艺参数的合理选择提供了参考。     

Quantification of parametric uncertainty in γ-Reθ model for typical flat plate and airfoil transitional flows

Owing to the lack of physical knowledge of boundary layer transition, the γ-Re_θ transition model introduces closure parameters, which increase the uncertainty of transition prediction. The objective of this work is to quantify the uncertainties of closure parameters in the quantities of interests and identify the key parameters. The six closure parameters in the uncertainty intervals are used as input variables, and the uncertainties of the output results are propagated by a stochastic expansion based on the point-collocation nonintrusive polynomial chaos method. The relative contribution of each parameter to uncertainty is evaluated by the Sobol index. The computational cases include natural and bypass transitional flows on zero-pressure-gradient flat plates, and subsonic and transonic flows around airfoils. For most cases, c_e2, c_a2, and c_a1 dominate the uncertainty, and the influence of σ_θt is also significant when the history effects of flow are evident. The contribution of parameters in airfoils is more complex than that in flat plates. The transonic airfoil case shows that flow separation dramatically changes the distribution of Sobol indices, which poses a challenge to the accurate prediction of transition. Generally, c_e2 and c_a2 are the key parameters of the γ-Re_θ model.     

真实气体效应对等离子体鞘套及电磁参数的影响

针对高速飞行器高超声速飞行环境，建立了热化学非平衡流动数值模拟技术，并对计算方法的可靠性进行了验证，接着开展了真实气体效应对飞行器等离子体鞘套及其电磁参数的影响规律分析。结果表明:飞行器物面中心线等离子体密度峰值与飞行试验符合良好；对于碰撞频率，沿滞止流线，双温模型以及Park反应模型对等离子体碰撞频率的影响趋势是一致的；对于相对介电常数，除激波附近，流场其他区域的实部接近1，激波附近小于1，虚部沿滞止流线逐渐升高；双温模型以及Park反应模型对相对介电常数实部和虚部的影响趋势是一致的。      

高体积分数SiCp/Al激光诱导氧化辅助铣削研究

为了解决高体积分数的SiC_p/Al复合材料在常规切削加工中存在切削力大、刀具磨损快、表面完整性差等问题。本文针对高体积分数SiC_p/Al材料开展激光诱导氧化辅助铣削技术研究，通过激光辐照铣削区域形成易于去除的疏松氧化层提高切削性能，同时开展氧化层调控策略及激光诱导氧化辅助下的铣削参数优化工艺研究，研究不同激光能量密度、辅助气体对氧化层质量的影响及铣削参数优化。结果表明随激光能量密度的增大热影响区宽度和烧蚀沟槽深度随之增加，在氧气辅助下易形成疏松且易于去除氧化层。选取较高的激光能量密度可获得较好的氧化效果，而使用PCD金刚石铣刀，主轴转速为10 000 r/min，在每齿进给量为7.5 μm /s可获得最佳表面质量。