Low-cost precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability based on GNSS carrier observation

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers can be used in time and frequency metrology by exploiting stable GNSS time scales. This paper proposes a low-cost method for precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability using a single-frequency software GNSS receiver. The only required hardware is a common radio frequency (RF) data collection device driven by the oscillator under test (OUT). The receiver solves the oscillator frequency error in high time resolution using the carrier Doppler observation and the broadcast ephemeris from one of the available satellites employing the onboard reference atomic frequency standard that is more stable than the OUT. Considering the non-stable and non-Gaussian properties of the frequency error measurement, an unbiased finite impulse response (FIR) filter is employed to obtain robust estimation and filter out measurement noise. The effects of different filter orders and convolution lengths are further discussed. The frequency error of an oven controlled oscillator (OCXO) is measured using live Beidou-2/Compass signals. The results are compared with the synchronous measurement using a specialized phase comparator with the standard coordinated universal time (UTC) signal from the master clock H226 in the national time service center (NTSC) of China as its reference. The Allan deviation (ADEV) estimates using the two methods have a 99.9% correlation coefficient and a 0.6% mean relative difference over 1–1000 s intervals. The experiment demonstrates the effectiveness and high precision of the software receiver method.     

基于流动显示的翼尖涡不稳定频率测量

翼尖涡涡核振荡频率的准确测量是翼尖涡控制技术得以有效实施的重要前提。采用流动显示方法,研究了椭圆机翼翼尖涡在低雷诺数条件下的不稳定特性。分别采用单点谱分析和动力学模态分解技术,从流动显示图像序列中提取了涡核振荡的短波不稳定模态的频率,2种方法得到的频率相对误差最大不超过5%。研究结果表明:涡对的空间运动通常展现出长波与短波模态的耦合,涡核的高频短波振荡耦合在低频长波摆动中,以前者为主要含能模态;短波不稳定性的无量纲振荡频率随雷诺数的增大而增大、随机翼攻角的增大而减小。      

窄条翼导弹俯仰机动中滚转失稳及其控制过程

窄条翼布局导弹通常具有复杂的横向气动特性,在大迎角飞行及快速机动中很容易诱发出现滚转非指令偏离和连续振荡,可能导致飞行失控,影响落点精度。为了研究窄条翼导弹俯仰快速机动对滚转失稳的诱发过程及滚转失稳对俯仰机动控制效果的影响,并验证三通道解耦控制方法的有效性,针对典型俯仰机动过程,分别利用2.4 m跨声速风洞虚拟飞行试验平台和耦合气动/运动/控制的一体化数值计算方法开展了相关研究。结果表明,风洞试验和数值模拟均成功预测了俯仰拉起和保持过程中的滚转自激失稳运动及其引起的纵、横向耦合运动,针对该机动过程,三通道解耦控制方法能够有效抑制滚转运动,保持姿态稳定。     

基于升华法实验研究后掠翼三维边界层的转捩

在西北工业大学的低湍流度风洞,采用升华法研究不同雷诺数下后掠翼上表面的转捩现象。实验发现雷诺数较低时,后掠翼上的转捩由流向不稳定触发,转捩位置在最小压力点之后,转捩分界为一条直线;当雷诺数足够大时,转捩由横流驻波不稳定触发,转捩提前到最小压力点之前,转捩分界呈现尖楔形状。该结果表明升华法不但能够较准确地分辨出后掠翼上的转捩位置,还能够区分不同的转捩机理,判断转捩是由流向不稳定还是横流驻波不稳定触发。此外,实验中还发现在横流驻波不稳定增长较大时,升华法能够提供转捩上游区域边界层内的横流不稳定信息;当横流驻波不稳定进一步增强时,该不稳定受模型表面粗糙度的影响较大,萘的喷涂有可能会影响到升华法的结果。     

Large-eddy simulation and linear acoustic modeling of entropy mode oscillations in a model combustor with coolant injection

Lean-burn combustor is particularly susceptible to combustion instability and the unsteady heat release is usually considered as the excitation of the self-maintained thermo-acoustic oscillations. The transverse coolant injection is widely used to reduce the temperature of burnt gas, but on the other hand, it will introduce temperature fluctuation inside the combustor. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of the coolant injection on combustion instability, and evaluate its dynamic feature. In this paper, Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of the self-excited pressure oscillations in a model combustor with coolant injection is carried out. The analysis of transient flow characteristics and the identification of the pressure modes confirm that one of the low frequency pressure oscillations is related to entropy fluctuations, which is known as rumble combustion instability. The LES results show that transient coolant injection is another excitation of temperature fluctuation other than unsteady combustion. The amplitude of the entropy mode oscillation increases with increasing coolant air mass whereas the change of its frequency is insignificant. According to the major feature of entropy wave oscillation caused by coolant injection, a compact coolant injection model is proposed and applied in the One Dimensional (1D) Acoustic Network Method (ANM). Key correlations used in the model match well with LES data in low frequency range. This means that the coolant injection model is a complex one reflecting the interaction of the fluctuating coolant mass, pressure and temperature. Finally, the combustion instability frequencies and modes predicted by acoustic network method are also in good agreement with LES results.     

Siren(旋笛式)激励系统的气动声学特性

基于siren(旋笛式)激励系统,理论推导了旋笛产生的非定常脉动速度和双传声器法获得的声质点振动速度之间的能量转换关系,并通过系统的气动声学特性实验考察了激励强度、频率、马赫数以及传感器间距对声质点振动速度的影响,验证了理论模型.结果表明:由旋笛产生的非定常脉动速度并不完全转换为声质点振动速度,这种转换关系主要与马赫数有关.且当流体为不可压缩气体,即马赫数小于0.3时,能量转换因子与马赫数的平方成正比,马赫数越大,能量转换因子越大,非定常流动转换为声能的效率越高.      

高超声速边界层转捩特性试验探究

通过在激波风洞中开展转捩试验,选取来流马赫数分别为6和8,单位雷诺数分别为4.1×10 6m -1 、2.6×10 7m -1 和4.4×10 7m -1 的来流条件,研究马赫数、单位雷诺数以及攻角变化对钝锥边界层和平板边界层转捩位置的影响。结果表明,攻角增大使钝锥迎风面和背风面边界层转捩位置均前移,使平板边界层转捩位置也前移;钝锥边界层在低马赫数时更容易转捩,平板边界层转捩受马赫数影响在攻角有差异时有所不同;单位雷诺数的增大促进转捩,但对于钝锥边界层而言,该参数增加到试验选定的上限时,转捩位置的变化并不明显;在转捩过程中平板边界层的脉动压力系数与热流具有相同的变化趋势。试验捕捉到了第二模态扰动。     

直升机传动系统花键连接轴的动力失稳

为有效传递扭矩,花键联轴器在旋转机械中得到了广泛应用,直升机传动系统也采用了这种结构形式,因此对花键连接超临界轴的稳定性进行理论分析,并在直升机尾传动轴上开展相应的实验和验证工作.通过安装和拆卸花键两端用于润滑油脂密封的O型圈,来改变花键的工作状态,实现了尾传动轴由相对稳定向完全不稳定的转变.研究表明:由花键及其两端支承表面处产生的摩擦形成的内阻尼是导致尾传动轴发生自激振动的根源;通过改善花键连接处的工作状态,能有效改善超临界转轴的稳定性,这对直升机传动系统超临界轴的设计有一定指导意义.     

大功率高频无线电波对赤道E区双流不稳定性的影响--PIC静电粒子模拟研究

地面入射的大功率高频无线电波(泵波)和电离层等离子体之间的参数相互作用，能够引起静电波的激发，在一定条件下，产生不稳定性．本文用PIC静电粒子模拟方法，研究泵波与赤道电离层E区等离子体的相互作用．研究结果表明，泵波能够控制双流不稳定性的发生，在不同条件下，泵波对双流不稳定性起着稳定与不稳作用，模拟结果定性地与理论研究结果相符合，这为我们对不规则体产生的地面人工控制提供了依据．     

旋转爆轰发动机的研究进展

理论上爆轰熵增较小,旋转爆轰发动机比常规的爆燃发动机具有更高的热效率和比冲。文中对旋转爆轰发动机的燃烧室结构、爆轰方式、推进性能、热测量和不稳定性等方面进行了研究。结果表明该发动机的实验和数值模拟研究在国内外已经大量开展,但实验数据不够全面,测量手段有限;而爆轰波自身特性给发动机可靠性设计提出苛刻要求,因此旋转爆轰发动机的应用还有待进一步研究和发展。最后,文中总结了旋转爆轰发动机面临的挑战,并指出该发动机在火焰稳定器和磁流体动力发电方面有一定的应用前景。