Pressure distribution guided supercritical wing optimization

Pressure distribution is important information for engineers during an aerodynamic design process. Pressure Distribution Oriented (PDO) optimization design has been proposed to introduce pressure distribution manipulation into traditional performance dominated optimization. In previous PDO approaches, constraints or manual manipulation have been used to obtain a desirable pressure distribution. In the present paper, a new Pressure Distribution Guided (PDG) method is developed to enable better pressure distribution manipulation while maintaining optimization efficiency. Based on the RBF-Assisted Differential Evolution (RADE) algorithm, a surrogate model is built for target pressure distribution features. By introducing individuals suggested by sub-optimization on the surrogate model into the population, the direction of optimal searching can be guided. Pressure distribution expectation and aerodynamic performance improvement can be achieved at the same time. The improvements of the PDG method are illustrated by comparing its design results and efficiency on airfoil optimization test cases with those obtained using other methods. Then the PDG method is applied on a dual-aisle airplane’s inner-board wing design. A total drag reduction of 8 drag counts is achieved.     

Effect of an end plate on surface pressure distributions of two swept wings

A series of wind tunnel tests was conducted to examine how an end plate affects the pressure distributions of two wings with leading edge(LE) sweep angles of 23° and 40°. All the experiments were carried out at a midchord Reynolds number of 8×10~5, covering an angle of attack(AOA) range from -2° to 14°. Static pressure distribution measurements were acquired over the upper surfaces of the wings along three chordwise rows and one spanwise direction at the wing quarter-chord line. The results of the tests confirm that at a particular AOA, increasing the sweep angle causes a noticeable decrease in the upper-surface suction pressure. Furthermore, as the sweep angle increases, the development of a laminar separation bubble near the LEs of the wings takes place at higher AOAs. On the other hand, spanwise pressure measurements show that increasing the wing sweep angle results in forming a stronger vortex on the quarter-chord line which has lower sensitivity to AOA variation and remains substantially attached to the wing surface for higher AOAs than that can be achieved in the case of a lower sweep angle. In addition, data obtained indicate that installing an end plate further reinforces the spanwise flow over the wing surface, thus affecting the pressure distribution.     

基于人工黏性的二维激波小波多尺度数值计算

基于自适应小波配点法和人工黏性，构造了二维激波问题的小波数值计算格式。利用最细尺度的小波系数构造两组激波定位函数，分别用以控制两个正交方向人工黏性的大小和分布。对三类二维激波问题进行计算和验证，结果表明：自适应小波配点法利用小波阈值滤波删除变化平缓区域大量网格点，而保留变化急剧区域的网格点，比传统方法计算效率高，且分辨率越高，计算效率更高；利用最细层小波系数构建的幂函数形式的激波定位函数能准确判断激波位置和控制X、Y方向人工黏性的大小和分布，从而捕捉不同方向和不同强度的激波。     

Free oscillations and response of a viscous liquid in a rigid circular cylindrical tank

The natural damped frequencies and the response to translational excitation of a viscous liquid in a circular cylindrical container are obtained. The response of the liquid surface elevation above its equilibrium position, as well as the viscous liquid force in x-direction due to translational excitation in this direction have been numerically evaluated. In this analysis the side wall adhesive boundary conditions have been satisfied, while only the normal bottom condition has been observed. This makes the results of the analysis applicable to liquid height ratio h/a>1.     

减压阀启动振荡分析与抑制研究

为了解决某型姿控发动机减压阀压力振荡导致阀芯密封面损坏,进而影响调压功能的问题,对其启动过程出口压力振荡和抑制方法进行了研究.基于AMESim仿真平台建立了减压阀仿真模型,分析了阀芯行程和限流孔对减压阀启动特性的影响,结果表明:减小阀芯行程和增加限流圈均有利于抑制减压阀启动过程出口压力振荡.基于此优化了阀芯行程,并在入...     

燃烧室非线性压力振荡及其产生机理研究

当燃烧不稳定现象发生时,燃烧室内部往往伴随有较大幅值的压力振荡,其表现形式是非线性的.为了加深对其产生机理的认识,在能量平衡方法的基础上,通过求解包含高阶非线性项的各阶能量平衡方程,模拟了燃烧室非线性压力振荡曲线,给出了不稳定状态下,燃烧室压力的陡峭化过程以及各阶模态的“极限环”幅值分布.在此基础上,进一步对初始线性增长率α以及非线性效应对“极限环”幅值的影响规律进行了参数化研究,获得相应的分布规律曲线.最后,作为验证,对不同稳定工况下的“爆炸弹”压力振荡过程进行了数值模拟.研究表明,不稳定燃烧过程中,各阶模态之间存在相互作用,且随着α的增加,“极限环”幅值呈线性递增趋势,而非线性效应对“极限环”幅值的影响规律则相反.此外,“爆炸弹”数值实验表明,在进一步完善非线性项后,能量平衡方法具有模拟非线性燃烧不稳定现象的潜力.     

多孔隙隔热材料内压的时间响应

尝试将DSMC方法运用在隔热材料的机理研究中,对多相隔热材料的二 维简化模型分别进行了厚度在1mm、2.5mm、5mm下,不同内外压比下压力时间响应的计算分 析,旨在研究此种材料内部的压力时间响应及其影响因素。结果表明：压力响应时间随内外 压比的增加、厚度的增加都在不断增加。相对内外压比而言,厚度对响应时间的影响比较明 显,而内外压力比相同时,响应时间没有明显变化。在同一压比下,随着材料厚度的增加, 响应时间将呈现非线性增加。厚度在毫米量级时的响应时间约在几十微秒至毫秒量级,响应 时间与厚度近似呈现指数关系。〖JP〗     

固体火箭发动机推力振荡特性数值研究

为了揭示固体火箭发动机推力振荡特性,以大型助推器P230的缩比发动机为基础,使用大涡模拟方法,对障碍物旋涡脱落诱发的振荡流场开展数值模拟,通过对比燃烧室压力、推力的振频和振幅,总结了推力振幅的估算方法.研究结果表明,推力振幅对压力振幅放大机理的关键参数是喉通比,放大比例与喉通比成反比;奇数阶声振型对推力振幅的贡献最大,偶数阶声振型对推力振幅的影响可以忽略,旋涡脱落对推力振幅的作用小于奇数阶声振型,且随涡/声耦合程度的增大而增强.     

Change rules of a stratospheric airship's envelope shape during ascent process

Stratospheric airship is a special near-space air vehicle, and has more advantages than other air vehicles, such as long endurance, strong survival ability, excellent resolution, low cost, and so on, which make it an ideal stratospheric platform. It is of great significance to choose a rea-sonable and effective way to launch a stratospheric airship to the space for both academic research and engineering applications. In this paper, the non-forming launch way is studied and the method of differential pressure gradient is used to study the change rules of the airship's envelope shape dur-ing the ascent process. Numerical simulation results show that the head of the envelope will main-tain the inflatable shape and the envelope under the zero-pressure level will be compressed into a wide range of wrinkles during the ascent process. The airship's envelope will expand with the ascent of the airship and the position of the zero-pressure level will move downward constantly. At the same time, the envelope will gradually form a certain degree of stiffness under the action of the inner and external differential pressure. The experimental results agree well with the analytical results, which shows that the non-forming launch way is effective and reliable, and the analytical method has exactness and feasibility.     

安监系统压力参数现场校准测量结果不确定度评定探讨

基于压力变送器现场压力测量、信号转换传输和压力终端显示,建立了安全监控系统(简称“安监系统”)压力参数现场测量系统。介绍了安监系统压力参数在线校准方法,建立了测量误差数学模型,分析了显示终端压力参数测量结果的不确定度来源,并进行测量结果不确定度的评定,经试验验证分析,给出了现场系统校准测量结果不确定度的主要贡献分量。