选择性激光烧结PC粉末的建模研究

建立选择性激光烧结粉末快速成形工艺过程的数值计算模型,并用于估算烧结深度.在该计算模型中,综合考虑了材料的热物性参数随温度变化的情况和激光光强分布不均匀的因素.采用有限差分方法求解烧结过程中的瞬态传热微分方程,对烧结深度进行模拟计算,结果与实验值吻合较好.     

对称矩阵反问题解的稳定性

考虑如下对称矩阵反问题：问题Ⅰ：给定Ｘ，Ｂ∈Ｒ（ｎ×ｎ），求Ａ∈ＳＲ（ｎ×ｎ）使得ＡＸ＝Ｂ，其中ＳＲ（ｎ×ｎ）＝｛｛Ａ｜Ａ∈Ｒ（ｎ×ｎ），ＡＴ＝Ａ｝。问题Ⅱ：给定，求使得其中是矩阵的Ｆｒｏｂｅｎｉｕｓ范数，ＳＡ表示问题Ⅰ的解集合。本文讨论问题Ⅰ解的稳定性，给出问题Ⅱ解的扰动界。     

Preliminary design of paraboloidal reflectors with flat facets

Based on the concept of approximating antenna surfaces using flat facets or triangulated cable networks, a geometric scheme to subdivide a parabolic surface is discussed. According to the proposed scheme, the paraboloid is divided at the aperture circle into six equal segments first, which form a regular hexagon. Then the regular hexagon is subdivided into equal regular triangles to form subelements. Finally, the points of intersection of these triangles are projected or mapped on the paraboloid surface using a suitable origin of coordinates to obtain the final nodal coordinates of the members along the revolution axis direction. An expression for the relation between the systematic deviation of the actual surface from the desired surface and the side length of the regular triangles on the antenna's aperture surface is developed, which can be used to determine the side length of the regular triangles, and in turn to determine the size of the reflector surface facets necessary to meet antenna surface accuracy requirements. Application on a 0.6-m offset reflector is described and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique in design of paraboloidal reflectors with flat facets.     

Influences of preload on the friction and wear properties of high-speed instrument angular contact ball bearings

For starved-oil or solid lubrication of high-speed instrument angular contact ball bearings, friction heating and wear are the main reasons of bearing failures. This paper presents a dynamic wear simulation model to investigate the impacts of different preload methods and the changes of preload caused by wear on bearing wear life. The integral value QV of stress and sliding velocity in the contact ellipses between a ball and the inner and outer races determines friction heating and wear. The changes of QV with the friction coefficient and the wear volume under constant-force preload and fixed-position preload are analyzed. Results show that under the same initial preload, the QV decreases with an increase of the friction coefficient for both preload methods, and the latter is slightly larger. The wear of the ball and the race is equivalent to the ball diameter reduction. The QV of constant-force preload is almost not changed with a decrease of the ball diameter, but for fixed-position preload, the value decreases firstly and then increases substantially due to insufficient preload, and slipping occurs, the ball diameter is reduced by 0.025%, while the preload is reduced by 60.33%. An estimation of the bearing wear life under different preload methods requires a consideration of the changes in the wear rate of bearing parts.     

Hybrid methods for determining time-optimal,constrained spacecraft reorientation maneuvers

Time-optimal spacecraft slewing maneuvers with path constraints are difficult to compute even with direct methods. This paper examines the use of a hybrid, two-stage approach, in which a heuristic method provides a rough estimate of the solution, which then serves as the input to a pseudospectral optimizer. Three heuristic methods are examined for the first stage: particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolution (DE), and bacteria foraging optimization (BFO). In this two-stage method, the PSO-pseudospectral combination is approximately three times faster than the pseudospectral method alone, and the BFO-pseudospectral combination is approximately four times faster; however, the DE does not produce an initial estimate that reduces total computation time.     

软件设计评判的研究

以软件工程学为基础，从软件设计的三个方面──软件概要设计、软件详细设计手段及软件详细设计出发，通过考察它们在软件设计中的地位和作用以及完成的主要工作，本文研究了对这三个方面的评判，分析了影响评判的主要因素，定义了各因素的影响程度，给出了有关量的取值依据，最后提出了软件设计综合评判的定量模型。     

超音速、高超音速飞行器动导数的高效计算方法

将超音速、高超音速气动力工程计算方法综合起来,推广到非定常气动力的计算,并用于求解任意外形飞行器作强迫运动时的非定常气动力.在此基础上进一步发展了一种适合于超音速、高超音速大迎角状态的飞行器动导数计算方法和程序.计算结果与国际标准实验数据作了比较,证明了该程序的正确性和精度.研究了减缩频率和基本迎角对动导数的影响,结果表明基本迎角对动稳定性导数影响较大,而减缩频率在小迎角范围内对动导数影响很小.     

可重复使用运载器再入轨迹次实时优化

新一代可重复使用运载器RLV(Reusable Launch Vehicle)再入时应具备自主导航的能力,其实现的关键是用机载计算机近实时或实时地生成一条满足各种约束条件的再入轨迹.根据RLV再入的特点,引入了新的假设,对再入轨迹方程进行简化处理,优化难度降低,工作量减少.另外引入次优化轨迹的概念,对控制量(迎角和滚转角)的优化分两步进行,每步只对当中一个控制量进行优化.这样处理能在很大程度上加快算法的收敛速度.仿真结果表明,只需10s左右的时间就能产生一条满足终端约束条件、控制量约束条件和加热率约束条件的次优化轨迹.其结果具有较好的工程应用价值.      

计算故障先验概率的最大熵方法

为了解决故障先验概率估算不准的问题,提出了基于最大熵的故障先验概率的计算模型.该模型以相关的先验信息作为最大概率估计的约束条件,并通过拉格朗日函数,将故障先验概率估算问题转化成无约束优化问题.为了实现对无约束优化问题的快速求解,提出了一种基于最速下降法和牛顿法的混合梯度算法;并且,针对大规模系统中故障变量过多的情况,依据系统分解的原则,将高维故障空间分解为多个低维故障空间,给出了低维故障空间求解的快速计算方法.通过最大熵方法和故障平均间隔(MTTF,Mean Time To Failure)方法的结果比较,证明最大熵方法更具准确性.      

航天器椭圆轨道自主交会的自适应学习控制策略

 提出了一种在缺少绝对轨道信息时的航天器椭圆轨道自主交会方法。利用Lawden方程描述椭圆轨道下的两星相对运动关系,并将方程中的时变参数单独归类。在假设这些时变参数无法得到的情况下,采用Lyapunov方法设计了椭圆轨道下自主交会的参数估计规则和自适应学习控制律。仿真结果表明,在只有相对状态信息的情况下,估计参数有效地跟踪了真实参数的变化,所设计的控制律能够实现椭圆轨道下航天器的自主交会。