GNSS卫星钟差估计与结果分析

探讨了GNSS卫星钟差估计的基本原理、处理方法及数据处理中的一些关键技术,利用全球56个IGS跟踪站的观测数据进行钟差估计,比较分析了钟差产品的精度与定位性能。以GPS系统解算结果为例,其钟差产品与IGS最终精密卫星钟差符合较好,精度优于0.04ns(约0.012m),多系统钟差解算结果互差优于亚纳秒级。基于钟差产品进行精密单点定位解算试验,试验结果表明,在定位收敛之后,静态PPP在东、北、天3个方向上精度为0.0582m、0.0466m、0.1188m;动态PPP在东、北、天3个方向上精度为0.0671m、0.0640m、0.3200m。定位结果与IGS最终精密钟差解算结果符合较好,表明两者之间差异较小,进一步验证了解算得到的卫星钟差产品的定位性能。     

Towards development of a consistent orbit series for TOPEX,Jason-1, and Jason-2

The TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 and Jason-2 set of altimeter data now provide a time series of synoptic observations of the ocean that span nearly 17 years from the launch of TOPEX in 1992. The analysis of the altimeter data including the use of altimetry to monitor the global change in mean sea level requires a stable, accurate, and consistent orbit reference over the entire time span. In this paper, we describe the recomputation of a time series of orbits that rely on a consistent set of reference frames and geophysical models. The recomputed orbits adhere to the IERS 2003 standards for ocean and earth tides, use updates to the ITRF2005 reference frame for both the SLR and DORIS stations, apply GRACE-derived models for modeling of the static and time-variable gravity, implement the University College London (UCL) radiation pressure model for Jason-1, use improved troposphere modeling for the DORIS data, and apply the GOT4.7 ocean tide model for both dynamical ocean tide modeling and for ocean loading. The new TOPEX orbits have a mean SLR fit of 1.79 cm compared to 2.21 cm for the MGDR-B orbits. These new TOPEX orbits agree radially with independent SLR/crossover orbits at 0.70 cm RMS, and the orbit accuracy is estimated at 1.5–2.0 cm RMS over the entire TOPEX time series. The recomputed Jason-1 orbits agree radially with the Jason-1 GDR-C orbits at 1.08 cm RMS. The GSFC SLR/DORIS dynamic and reduced-dynamic orbits for Jason-2 agree radially with independent orbits from the CNES and JPL at 0.70–1.06 cm RMS. Applying these new orbits, and using the latest altimeter corrections for TOPEX, Jason-1, and Jason-2 from September 1992 to May 2009, we find a global rate in mean sea level of 3.0 ± 0.4 mm/yr.     

磁流变机床误差分析和加工工艺优化

首先通过实验分析不同工艺参数下对去除函数稳定性的影响,并进行了仿真分析,确定了机床的敏感方向;其次,对磁流变机床运动轴误差进行了测量,分析这些误差引起法线方向误差的大小;最后,实验验证采用较大的压深和补偿法线方向误差可以有效提高机床的加工精度.     

离心机静态姿态误差的测试

将电子水平仪安装在精密离心机仪器舱工作基面上 ,并分别旋转主轴及方位轴 ,测试对于水平面的角度 ,经数据处理 ,得出主轴轴线对水平面的垂直度及主轴和水平轴处于初始位置时方位轴轴线与水平面的垂直度。如果预先已测出水平轴轴线与方位轴轴线的垂直度 ,通过坐标系之间的姿态关系 。     

航天测量船高精度岸船对时技术

随着航天技术的飞速发展以及新型号航天发射任务对测控系统提出的新要求,采用新技术新方法提高航天测量船的岸船对时精度非常必要。重点介绍卫星双向时间比对技术的基本原理,分析岸船卫星双向时间比对中影响岸船对时精度的主要误差源及其精度,提出实现高精度岸船对时需注意的问题。     

Integrating BDS and GPS for precise relative orbit determination of LEO formation flying

Low-Earth-Orbit(LEO) formation-flying satellites have been widely applied in many kinds of space geodesy. Precise Relative Orbit Determination(PROD) is an essential prerequisite for the LEO formation-flying satellites to complete their mission in space. The contribution of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS) to the accuracy and reliability of PROD of LEO formation-flying satellites based on a Global Positioning System(GPS) is studied using a simulation method. Firstly, when BDS is added to GPS, the mean number of visible satellites increases from9.71 to 21.58. Secondly, the results show that the 3-Dimensional(3 D) accuracy of PROD, based on BDS-only, GPS-only and BDS + GPS, is 0.74 mm, 0.66 mm and 0.52 mm, respectively. When BDS co-works with GPS, the accuracy increases by 29.73%. Geostationary-Earth-Orbit(GEO) satellites and Inclined Geosynchronous-Orbit(IGSO) satellites are only distributed over the Asia-Pacific region; however, they could provide a global improvement to PROD. The difference in PROD results between the Asia-Pacific region and the non-Asia-Pacific region is not apparent. Furthermore, the value of the Ambiguity Dilution Of Precision(ADOP), based on BDS + GPS, decreases by 7.50% and 8.26%, respectively, compared with BDS-only and GPS-only. Finally, if the relative position between satellites is only a few kilometres, the effect of ephemeris errors on PROD could be ignored. However, for a several-hundred-kilometre separation of the LEO satellites, the SingleDifference(SD) ephemeris errors of GEO satellites would be on the order of centimetres. The experimental results show that when IGSO satellites and Medium-Earth-Orbit(MEO) satellites co-work with GEO satellites, the accuracy decreases by 17.02%.     

半球谐振陀螺精密集成组装技术探讨

半球谐振陀螺零件制造的高精度和对称性是保障产品性能指标的关键,当前制造技术的短板是制约半球谐振陀螺性能指标提升、高合格率和低成本制造,以及批量生产的主要原因之一,集成组装是半球谐振陀螺制造过程的关键环节。因此提出了面向半球谐振陀螺装配的"六心一线"目标,即半球谐振子几何球心、质量中心、谐振中心、激励罩的激励电极中心、读出基座输出检测中心以及形成的静电场中心必须做到同心、同轴,探讨了保证"六心一线"的集成装调技术,为保障半球谐振陀螺的装配精度、性能和装配合格率提供技术支持。     

复杂结构薄壁件小直径永磁球头磁流变抛光技术

针对一种复杂结构薄壁件的结构特点和加工精度要求,在磁流变抛光原理的基础上,设计了小直径永磁球头的加工工艺。本文详细分析了工件的磁流变抛光工艺要求,并在此基础上确立了工件的小直径永磁球头磁流变抛光加工方法。通过自行研制的磁流变抛光机床对工件进行加工验证实验,经过加工工件的表面粗糙度由645.8nm减小到18.7nm,表明了采用小直径永磁球头磁流变抛光方法对工件进行抛光,可以得到较好抛光表面质量,达到了工件的精度要求,进而验证了该方法的正确性。     

目标被动定位与跟踪技术

基于精确制导技术的需要 ,本文研究了被动方式下的目标定位与跟踪技术 ,对其研究背景、研究意义、研究现状以及被动定位与跟踪问题的分类进行了详细的阐述 ,并在此基础上指出了尚待解决的一些问题。最后 ,对目标被动定位与跟踪技术的发展方向做了展望