The impact of orbital errors on the estimation of satellite clock errors and PPP

Precise satellite orbit and clocks are essential for providing high accuracy real-time PPP (Precise Point Positioning) service. However, by treating the predicted orbits as fixed, the orbital errors may be partially assimilated by the estimated satellite clock and hence impact the positioning solutions. This paper presents the impact analysis of errors in radial and tangential orbital components on the estimation of satellite clocks and PPP through theoretical study and experimental evaluation. The relationship between the compensation of the orbital errors by the satellite clocks and the satellite-station geometry is discussed in details. Based on the satellite clocks estimated with regional station networks of different sizes (∼100, ∼300, ∼500 and ∼700 km in radius), results indicated that the orbital errors compensated by the satellite clock estimates reduce as the size of the network increases. An interesting regional PPP mode based on the broadcast ephemeris and the corresponding estimated satellite clocks is proposed and evaluated through the numerical study. The impact of orbital errors in the broadcast ephemeris has shown to be negligible for PPP users in a regional network of a radius of ∼300 km, with positioning RMS of about 1.4, 1.4 and 3.7 cm for east, north and up component in the post-mission kinematic mode, comparable with 1.3, 1.3 and 3.6 cm using the precise orbits and the corresponding estimated clocks. Compared with the DGPS and RTK positioning, only the estimated satellite clocks are needed to be disseminated to PPP users for this approach. It can significantly alleviate the communication burdens and therefore can be beneficial to the real time applications.     

A two-step robust adaptive filtering algorithm for GNSS kinematic precise point positioning

In kinematic navigation and positioning, abnormal observations and kinematic model disturbances are one of the key factors affecting the stability and reliability of positioning performance. Generally, robust adaptive filtering algorithm is used to reduce the influence of them on positioning results. However, it is difficult to accurately identify and separate the influence of abnormal observations and kinematic model disturbances on positioning results, especially in the application of kinematic Precise Point Positioning (PPP). This has always been a key factor limiting the performance of conventional robust adaptive filtering algorithms. To address this problem, this paper proposes a two-step robust adaptive filtering algorithm, which includes two filtering steps: without considering the kinematic model information, the first step of filtering only detects the abnormal observations. Based on the filtering results of the first step, the second step makes further detection on the kinematic model disturbances and conducts adaptive processing. Theoretical analysis and experiment results indicate that the two-step robust adaptive filtering algorithm can further enhance the robustness of the filtering against the influence of abnormal observations and kinematic model disturbances on the positioning results. Ultimately, improvement of the stability and reliability of kinematic PPP is significant.     

导航卫星的短弧运动学定轨

导航卫星在姿轨控和轨道恢复期间,由于观测数据有限,传统的统计定轨理论难以实现导航卫星精密定轨。本文尝试采用一种不依赖轨道动力学的、新的运动学定轨方法来处理短弧和复杂动力学过程中的定轨,提出了基于多项式拟合的短弧运动学定轨算法,并提出2种不同的实现方案。该算法充分利用了高采样率的测轨数据,减少了结果的噪声,其优点在于不需要长时间累积测轨数据,可以实现近实时快速计算,克服了动力学法定轨发散和单点定位无法获得卫星速度信息等不足。对COMPASS M-01导航卫星实测数据的处理表明,10min左右短弧运动学定轨的位置精度可以优于10m,速度精度优于4cm/s,满足了短弧跟踪条件下RDSS对卫星轨道精度的要求,实现了短弧跟踪条件下卫星精密定轨,但从轨道预报精度来看,该方法仅仅适用于短期预报。     

一种图像辅助火星着陆段自主导航方法

针对未来深空探测软着陆高精度实时导航的需求,提出了一种图像辅助的自主导航方案。首先通过下降段图像与落点区域地形匹配,获得着陆器相对于落点的位置和姿态;然后基于误差Kalman模型估计着陆器的状态误差,修正惯性导航的结果;在图像信息不可用的情况下,只进行惯性递推导航;这种方案既提高了导航的精度,也能保证实时性的要求。 数值仿真验证了该方案的可行性,该方案对未来实际工程任务具有很大的参考价值。     

人体上呼吸道内稳态气流运动特性的PIV初步试验研究

人体上呼吸道内气流组织形式的研究对于进行气溶胶在呼吸道内的沉积分析具有重要的意义。应用粒子图像速度仪（PaniclehnageVelocimetry,PIV）对人体上呼吸道内的稳态气流运动特性进行了试验研究,研究结果表明：口腔中、下部气流速度略大,其它位置速度相对较小,咽部外壁气流速度较大,高速气流贴近喉部和气管内壁向下流动,在内壁形成高速区域。咽部外壁、喉部和气管内壁分布的气动剪切力较大,承受的气动负荷较大,容易造成壁面劳损和组织损伤。     

基于北斗三号的多区域实时动态授时服务系统

面向新一代移动通信和物联网等领域对高精度、低成本授时的需求,针对典型的实时动态授时服务只能单区域覆盖的问题,提出了一种基于北斗的多区域实时动态精密授时服务系统.该系统由标准时间、时间基准站、高精度时间频率实时传递链路、数据中心和时间用户等部分组成,可实现标准时间实时动态授时服务的全国多区域覆盖.依托中国科学院国家授时中...     

Comparison of convergence time and positioning accuracy among BDS,GPS and BDS/GPS precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution

Precise point positioning (PPP) usually takes about 30?min to obtain centimetre-level accuracy, which greatly limits its application. To address the drawbacks of convergence speed and positioning accuracy, we develop a PPP model with integrated GPS and BDS observations. Based on the method, stations with global coverage are selected to estimate the fractional cycle bias (FCB) of GPS and BDS. The short-term and long-term time series of wide-lane (WL) FCB, and the single day change of narrow-lane (NL) FCB are analysed. It is found that the range of GPS and BDS non-GEO (IGSO and MEO) WL FCB is stable at up to a 30-day-time frame. At times frame of up to 60?days, the stability is reduced a lot. Whether for short-term or long-term, the changes in the BDS GEO WL FCB are large. Moreover, BDS FCB sometimes undergoes a sudden jump. Besides, 17 and 10 stations were used respectively to investigate the convergence speed and positioning errors with six strategies: BDS ambiguity-float PPP (Bfloat), GPS ambiguity-float PPP (Gfloat), BDS/GPS ambiguity-float PPP (BGfloat), BDS ambiguity-fixed PPP (Bfix), GPS ambiguity-fixed (Gfix), and BDS/GPS ambiguity-fixed (BGfix). The average convergence speed of the ambiguity-fixed solution is greatly improved compared with the ambiguity-float solution. In terms of the average convergence time, the Bfloat is the longest and the BGfix is the shortest among these six strategies. Whether for ambiguity-float PPP or ambiguity-fixed PPP, the convergence reduction time in three directions for the combined system is the largest compared with the single BDS. The average RMS value of the Bfix in three directions (easting (E), northing (N), and up (U)) are 2.0?cm, 1.5?cm, and 5.9?cm respectively, while those of the Gfix are 0.8?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.7?cm. Compared with single system, the BDS/GPS combined ambiguity-fixed system (BGfix) has the fastest convergence speed and the highest accuracy, with average RMS as 0.7?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.9?cm for the E, N, U components, respectively.     

用解题法调试某型飞机斜板系统

某型飞机是国家重点工程项目之一 ,该机进气道自动调节系统采用计算机进行结算、调节与控制 ,增加了系统调节精度和可靠性。但在首批飞机的调试中 ,极难实现技术条件的要求 ,且无规律可循。对此 ,我们通过对斜板调节机理的研究实验 ,摸索出了斜板在大小πk 时调节曲线的对比规律 ,设置了调整计算方程 ,可靠地解决了这一难题。     

半自动担架车的运动仿真

在讨论半自动担架车工作原理的基础上，应用运动学原理将担架车整个运动过程进行了分析。应用矩阵理论对担架车任意位置的13个关键点进行运动求解和运动仿真。     

Real-time zenith tropospheric delays in support of numerical weather prediction applications

The Geodetic Observatory Pecný (GOP) routinely estimates near real-time zenith total delays (ZTD) from GPS permanent stations for assimilation in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models more than 12 years. Besides European regional, global and GPS and GLONASS solutions, we have recently developed real-time estimates aimed at supporting NWP nowcasting or severe weather event monitoring. While all previous solutions are based on data batch processing in a network mode, the real-time solution exploits real-time global orbits and clocks from the International GNSS Service (IGS) and Precise Point Positioning (PPP) processing strategy. New application G-Nut/Tefnut has been developed and real-time ZTDs have been continuously processed in the nine-month demonstration campaign (February–October, 2013) for selected 36 European and global stations. Resulting ZTDs can be characterized by mean standard deviations of 6–10 mm, but still remaining large biases up to 20 mm due to missing precise models in the software. These results fulfilled threshold requirements for the operational NWP nowcasting (i.e. 30 mm in ZTD). Since remaining ZTD biases can be effectively eliminated using the bias-reduction procedure prior to the assimilation, results are approaching the target requirements in terms of relative accuracy (i.e. 6 mm in ZTD). Real-time strategy and software are under the development and we foresee further improvements in reducing biases and in optimizing the accuracy within required timeliness. The real-time products from the International GNSS Service were found accurate and stable for supporting PPP-based tropospheric estimates for the NWP nowcasting.