基于北斗三号PPP-B2b轨道的实时精密共视时间传递

面向精密可靠的远程时间传递需求,提出一种基于北斗三号PPP-B2b轨道的实时精密共视时间传递方法。该方法利用北斗三号精密单点定位(precise point positioning,PPP)服务提供的精密轨道改正数,根据实时载波相位单差技术估算异地接收机的相对钟差,实现高精度时间传递。基于中国及周边地区6个跟踪站连续多天的北斗三号系统观测数据开展试验,验证了该时间传递方法的性能。试验结果表明:零基线时间传递结果的标准差优于0.03 ns。与事后PPP时间传递相比,长基线时间传递结果差值的标准差优于0.3 ns,时间传递天边界连续性更好。基于北斗三号PPP-B2b轨道的实时精密共视时间传递方法,不依赖精密卫星钟差,能实现亚纳秒量级的时间传递精度,具有易于实现、连续性好的优势。试验结果可为北斗精密时间服务提供一定的参考。     

最近邻与长程移动模式下的 Lanchester作战动力学研究

在现代战争中,诸如空降兵作战、特种兵作战等部队的远距离转移和投送被频繁使用,这些作战问题明显不同于以往运用空间Lanchester方程所研究的最近邻移动作战问题。为了解释上述现代作战问题,文章引入新的长程移动模式——列维飞行,运用随机模拟方法对作战双方在最近邻移动、长程移动模式下的Lanchester作战时空动力学进行了研究,得到了这2种移动模式下稳定共存与非稳定共存的参量条件与临界曲线,并研究了不同参量情况下的斑图演化与密度时间序列曲线的变化情况。研究表明,这2种移动模式的动力学影响是不同的,列维飞行能明显提高搜索效率,使整体作战效率提高,战斗过程缩短。     

基于背景扣除的弱吸收信息精确提取方法研究

随着半导体器件的快速发展，基于分子振-转吸收光谱的研究日益深入，以可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱（Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy， TDLAS）为代表的检测技术取得巨大进步，应用领域进一步扩大，已有超过一千类仪器应用于连续监测以及过程控制，每年出售的气体检测仪器占据了红外气体传感检测仪器总数的5%以上，已实现不同领域组分浓度、温度、压力等参数的高精度探测。本文针对仪器开发领域目标吸收信息被完全覆盖的复杂应用环境，利用调制技术将吸收信息转移到高频部分，经过分通道背景扣除和谐波信号归一化处理提取吸收信息。以测量含硫天然气中微量H₂S为例，天然气中CH₄含量超过90%，目标组分H₂S的吸收信息被完全覆盖，将吸收信息转移到1 kHz频率，得到的谐波信号峰值与H₂S浓度呈正相关，线性参数达到0.999 9，实现了弱吸收信号的有效提取，从方法上验证了提取弱吸收信号的有效性，进一步扩展了光学气体传感的应用领域，为仪器开发提供技术保障。     

Precise orbit determination and baseline consistency assessment for Swarm constellation

Precise orbit determination (POD) and precise baseline determination (PBD) of Swarm satellites with 4 years of data are investigated. Ambiguity resolution (AR) plays a crucial role in achieving the best orbit accuracy. Swarm POD and PBD based on single difference (SD) AR and traditional double difference (DD) AR methods are explored separately. Swarm antenna phase center variation (PCV) corrections are developed to further improve the orbit determination accuracy. The code multipath of C1C, C1W and C2W observations is first evaluated and clear variations in code noise related to different receiver settings are observed. Carrier phase residuals of different time periods and different loop tracking settings of receiver are studied to explore the effect of ionospheric scintillation on POD. The reduction of residuals in the polar and geomagnetic equator regions confirms the positive impact of the updated carrier tracking loops (TLs) on POD performance. The SD AR orbits and orbits with float ambiguity (FA) are compared with the Swarm precise science orbits (PSOs). An average improvement of 27 %, 4 % and 16 % is gained in along-track, cross-track and radial directions by fixing the ambiguity to integer. For Swarm-A/B and Swarm-B/C formations, specific days are selected to perform the DD AR-based POD during which the average distance of the formation satellites is less than 5000 km. Satellite laser ranging (SLR) observations are employed to validate the performance of FA, SD AR and DD AR orbits. The consistency between the SD AR orbits and SLR data is at a level of 10 mm which shows an improvement of 25 % when comparing with the FA results. An SLR residuals reduction of 15 % is also achieved by the DD AR solution for the selected days. Precise relative navigation is also an essential aspect for spacecraft formation flying missions. The closure error method is proposed to evaluate the baseline precision in three dimensions. A baseline precision of 1–3 mm for Swarm-A/C formation and 3–5 mm for Swarm-A/B and Swarm-B/C satellite pairs is verified by both the consistency check and closure error method.     

Precise orbit determination for TH02-02 satellites based on BDS3 and GPS observations

The Tianhui-2 02 (TH02-02) satellite formation, as a supplement to the microwave mapping satellite system Tianhui-2 01 (TH02-01), is the first Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) satellite formation-flying system that supports the tracking of BeiDou global navigation Satellite system (BDS3) new B1C and B2a signals. Meanwhile, the twin TH02-02 satellites also support the tracking of Global Positioning System (GPS) L1&L2 and BDS B1I&B3I signals. As the spaceborne receiver employs two independent boards to track the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites, we design an orbit determination strategy by estimating independent receiver clock offsets epoch by epoch for each GNSS to realize the multi-GNSS data fusion from different boards. The performance of the spaceborne receiver is evaluated and the contribution of BDS3 to the kinematic and reduced-dynamic Precise Orbit Determination (POD) of TH02-02 satellites is investigated. The tracking data onboard shows that the average number of available BDS3 and GPS satellites are 8.7 and 9.1, respectively. The carrier-to-noise ratio and carrier phase noise of BDS3 B1C and B2a signals are comparable to those of GPS. However, strong azimuth-related systematic biases are recognized in the pseudorange multipath errors of B1C and B3I. The pseudorange noise of BDS3 signals is better than that of GPS after eliminating the multipath errors from specific signals. Taking the GPS-based reduced-dynamic orbit with single-receiver ambiguity fixing technique as a reference, the results of BDS3-only and BDS3 + GPS combined POD are assessed. The Root Mean Square (RMS) of orbit comparison of BDS3-based kinematic and reduced-dynamic POD with reference orbit are better than 7 cm and 3 cm in three-Dimensional direction (3D). The POD performance based on B1C&B2a data is comparable to that based on B1I&B3I. The precision of BDS3 + GPS combined kinematic orbit can reach up to 3 cm (3D RMS), which has a more than 25% improvement relative to the GPS-only solution. In addition, the consistency between the BDS3 + GPS combined reduced-dynamic orbit and the GPS-based ambiguity-fixed orbit is better than 1.5 cm (3D RMS).     

基于深度强化学习的复杂地形适应机器人设计与实验

针对行星表面轻量化自主探测任务，基于仿生思想设计了一种仿海胆结构的十二足球形机器人，其具备自主改变构型以贴合复杂地形的能力，可实现无倾覆、高容错的全向运动；基于数据驱动方法，对该机器人设计了一种数据高效的无模型强化学习运动策略，可实现无先验知识的从0到1步态训练以及步态的实物样机快速部署。通过在平面地形和非结构化地形中对其进行仿真实验，验证了经过训练的机器人具备自主运动、适应非结构地形等能力；通过与常用基准策略进行对比，证实了本文提出的运动策略具有训练高效、鲁棒性好的优势；最后通过开发原理样机，开展实物实验验证了仿真环境中所生成的步态在真实物理环境中的动力学可行性。     

多系统混频非差非组合精密单点定位方法研究

多系统多频精密单点定位(PPP)因具有增加观测冗余信息、提高系统性能可靠性和提升导航性能指标等优势而被广泛研究.非差非组合PPP模型直接使用原始伪距和载波相位观测值,不做任何线性组合,适合多系统多频率的PPP数据解算.目前,各个系统虽已提供3个或更多频率,但除北斗系统外,其余系统无法保证全星座都提供三频信号,使得多系统多频PPP的性能分析多采用多系统双频或单系统三频模型,没有充分利用多系统多频的观测信息.因此,采用多系统混频模型进行非差非组合PPP,该模型的具体表述为北斗三频+GPS双频+GLONASS双频PPP模型,充分利用可用的观测信息,提升了冗余度.利用CUT0、JFNG、NNOR、SIN1这4个测站的观测数据以及MGEX的精密轨道和钟差产品进行仿真实验,实验结果表明,多系统混频非差非组合PPP相较多系统双频非差非组合PPP的平均静态解RMS在东向提高了9.6％,北向相当,天向提高了11％;平均动态解RMS在东向提高了7.3％,北向相当,天向提高了5.7％.     

差分码偏差对PPP授时精度影响的研究

论文分析了不同机构差分码偏差(DCB)产品的天稳性.选取了2个外接氢原子钟的测站进行实验,以国际GNSS服务组织(IGS)发布的接收机钟差为参考值,分析了不同机构DCB产品对2个测站PPP授时精度的影响.实验结果表明:1)不同机构DCB产品的天稳性差异不大,中国科学院天稳性略优于德国宇航中心;2)2个测站使用不同机构的DCB产品估计钟差的均方差(RMS)和时间偏差(Bias)均优于0.4ns,其中中国科学院产品精度最高,RMS和Bias均优于0.2ns;德国宇航中心和欧洲定轨中心精度略差,但也能够达到亚纳秒级,可为下一步推广PPP授时应用提供一定的参考.