Predicting atmospheric delays for rapid ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning

Integer ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning (PPP) can shorten the initialization and re-initialization time, and ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions are also more reliable and accurate than ambiguity-float PPP solutions. However, signal interruptions are unavoidable in practical applications, particularly while operating in urban areas. Such signal interruptions can cause discontinuity of carrier phase arc, which introduces new integer ambiguities. Usually it will take approximately 15 min of continuous tracking to a reasonable number of satellites to fix new integer ambiguities. In many applications, it is impractical for a PPP user to wait for such a long time for the re-initialization. In this paper, a method for rapid ambiguity fixing in PPP is developed to avoid such a long re-initialization time. Firstly, the atmospheric delays were estimated epoch by epoch from ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions before the data gap or cycle slip occurs. A random walk procedure is then applied to predict the atmospheric delays accurately over a short time span. The predicted atmospheric delays then can be used to correct the observations which suffer from signal interruptions. Finally, the new ambiguities can be fixed with a distinct WL-LX-L3 (here LX denotes either of L1, L2) cascade ambiguity resolution strategy. Comprehensive experiments have demonstrated that the proposed method and strategy can fix zero-difference integer ambiguities successfully with only a single-epoch observation immediately after a short data gap. This technique works even when all satellites are interrupted at the same time. The duration of data gap bridged by this technique could be possibly extended if a more precise atmospheric delay prediction is found or on-the-fly (OTF) technology is applied. Based on the proposed method, real-time PPP with integer ambiguity fixing becomes more feasible in practice.     

火星精确着陆制导问题分析与展望

美国火星科学实验室(MSL)任务成功将“好奇”号火星车着陆到火星表面,开创了火星精确着陆探测的新局面。以MSL着陆任务为典型代表,分析了目前火星着陆探测进入、下降和着陆（Entry, Descent and Landing, EDL）过程的制导方案及制导系统的发展趋势。以在火星高海拔、复杂地形区域定点着陆为潜在工程目标,归纳了火星EDL过程面临的制导主要问题。根据未来制导系统自主性和自适应性的技术需求及潜在工程任务制导面临的问题,提出了火星EDL制导方面需要解决的关键技术,并对其在未来工程中的应用潜力进行了展望。     

导弹协同攻击编队自适应滑模控制器设计

Aimed at the need of formation control of missile cooperative engagement, the adaptive sliding mode control theory is introduced to solve the controller design problem of formation based on the leader follower approach. Feedback precise linearization based on differential geometry theory is used to linearize the nonlinear motion model of missile and system model with follower track errors is formulated. In traditional leader follower approach, if the leader moves too fast due to the control saturated, the followers will not be able to track the desired position to keep formation. In order to overcome the disadvantage, an idea of speed control for the leader is introduced to guarantee formation keeping. Finally, an adaptive sliding mode controller is designed to overcome the problem of control input constraints. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that tracking error asymptotically converges to zero. Simulation results show that the leader is able to follow the desired path and the controller can help every missile configure desired formation. The simulation results verify stability and robustness of the formation controllers.     

航行器低速斜入水运动规律

针对介质跨越航行器控制困难的问题,提出一种空中控制水下非控的单一控制策略;为了分析航行器非控状态下斜入水运动的规律,构建了航行器低速入水动力学模型,并分别使用数值仿真方法和理论模型求解方法进行同一条件下的航行体入水运动仿真,通过对2种方法的仿真结果对比验证本文所构建航行体斜入水动力学模型的正确性。利用构建的入水动力学模型,分别对不同初始速度、角度、攻角条件下的入水过程进行了运动状态仿真并分析,得出了航行体在入水运动过程中的姿态位置变化规律。此入水规律将指导介质跨越航行器后续的水下航行、进而出水的一系列研究。      

北斗卫星导航系统实时定轨与钟差处理策略

目前鲜有对北斗卫星导航系统（BeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem,BDS）实时精密定轨与钟差确定的研究,文章提出了BDS实时轨道与实时钟差处理策略,包括了观测与动力学模型、实时轨道与实时钟差处理流程与评估方法。尤其对于实时钟差,为了提高计算效率,联合使用两个独立并行的线程估计非差绝对钟差和历元间相对钟差。利用多模全球卫星导航系统试验(MGEX)与全球连续检测评估系统（iGMAS）实测数据进行了北斗实时轨道与钟差解算,BDS实时轨道径向平均精度对于GEO卫星优于20cm,对于IGSO与MEO一般优于10cm;钟差精度对于GEO卫星为0.5~4.5ns,对于IGSO／MEO为0.2~2.0ns。基于目前的轨道与钟差结果,实时精密单点定位（PrecisePointPositioning,PPP）结果可以达到分米量级。     

Enhanced baseline determination for formation flying LEOs by relative corrections of phase center and code residual variations

Formation flying Low Earth Orbiters(LEOs) are important for implementing new and advanced concepts in Earth observation missions. Precise Baseline Determination(PBD) is a prerequisite for LEOs to complete specified mission targets. PBD is usually performed based on space-borne GNSS data, the relative corrections of phase center and code residual variations play crucial roles in achieving the best relative orbit accuracy. Herein, the influences of antenna Relative Phase Centre Variations(RPCVs) a...     

叶片型面精密振动电解加工工艺研究

采用电解加工工艺对叶片型面进行加工,可以有效提高发动机叶片加工效率,降低生产成本。针对GH4169G合金叶片型面,开展了精密振动电解加工试验研究。结果表明:高频脉冲电流和阴极机械振动具有改善极间流场特性、降低阳极钝化和阴极的产物吸附的作用,可以大幅改善加工效果;采用参数组加工电压15V、阴极振动频率25Hz、开通角度Ra 150°~195°、脉冲频率3000Hz时,获得最优的型面加工质量,型面轮廓度为-0.012~+0.013mm,表面粗糙度值为0.51μm,证明精密振动电解加工工艺满足叶片型面的加工要求。     

障碍地形下的机器人轮足复合越障步态规划方法

为提高轮足复合机器人在障碍地形下的稳定性与通行效率,提出了一种轮足复合越障步态规划方法。首先基于轮足复合运动模式提出了一种机器人位姿调整算法,并给出了相应的足端轨迹方程与重心轨迹方程。其次基于轮足复合运动的运动学方程,给出了位姿调整阶段的轮速规划算法,使得每条腿足端轮子的滚动速度与足端的轨迹相匹配,以确保轮子在地面滚动时不发生滑动。虚拟样机仿真结果表明,应用该步态规划算法,机器人能够自主平稳地穿越障碍地形,从而验证了方法的有效性。     

精密时间间隔测量方法的改进

用于短时间间隔测量的量化时延法可显示较高的测量分辨力。然而 ,随着测量分辨力的提高 ,则需要更多的延迟组件和附加电路 ,这样不但设备的复杂度增加 ,而且还会产生附加误差 ,测量分辨力受到限制。提出一种改进方法 ,即在量化测量原理的基础上 ,利用细测与粗测相结合的方法来测量精密时间间隔。这种方法与CPLD相结合 ,可以在使用较少数量的延迟组件情况下 ,获得得 4 0 0ps的测量分辨力。     

某型飞机三维运动仿真系统的设计

在3DMAX平台下,利用MAXSCRIPT语言,并结合VC 开发环境开发出某型飞机的三维运动仿真系统。该系统能够自动加载飞机模型以及飞行数据文件,并通过终端输出实时仿真结果,最终可生成视频文件进行保存,从而实现了飞机运动过程的仿真。该系统还可以加载其他飞机模型,具有较大的通用性。以某型飞机一次飞行数据作为测试数据比较,其仿真结果较好。此系统的开发为研究飞机飞行状态与性能提供了比较直观方便的工具。